{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134689131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","title":"Spear: An open source toolbox for speaker recognition based on Bob","display_name":"Spear: An open source toolbox for speaker recognition based on Bob","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134689131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","mag":"2134689131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010032071","display_name":"Elie Khoury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9568-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elie Khoury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072051996","display_name":"Laurent El Shafey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent El Shafey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016330764","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Marcel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastien Marcel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP Res. Inst., Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010032071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97432837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1655","last_page":"1659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875640988349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7332741022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolbox","display_name":"Toolbox","score":0.7185106873512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.6491932272911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5651445388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-diarisation","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","score":0.5635008811950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5416356921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5161715149879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4518470764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.45119333267211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4383479654788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40609031915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2568341791629791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1568821668624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10938194394111633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875640988349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7332741022109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.7185106873512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6491932272911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5651445388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149838564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574248","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","level":3,"score":0.5635008811950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5416356921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5161715149879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4518470764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.45119333267211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4383479654788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40609031915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2568341791629791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1568821668624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10938194394111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6853879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322748","display_name":"Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Brn\u011b","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12764184","https://openalex.org/W111477576","https://openalex.org/W1522500670","https://openalex.org/W1540327379","https://openalex.org/W1589339348","https://openalex.org/W1899098437","https://openalex.org/W1985360119","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2007119422","https://openalex.org/W2016770751","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2078953162","https://openalex.org/W2085468087","https://openalex.org/W2090716422","https://openalex.org/W2094071405","https://openalex.org/W2100969003","https://openalex.org/W2107638917","https://openalex.org/W2121061347","https://openalex.org/W2121812409","https://openalex.org/W2123768812","https://openalex.org/W2127411213","https://openalex.org/W2128838222","https://openalex.org/W2143486266","https://openalex.org/W2146824864","https://openalex.org/W2148554390","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2166469867","https://openalex.org/W2170065313","https://openalex.org/W2172179449","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2399762392","https://openalex.org/W2404921859","https://openalex.org/W2917756095","https://openalex.org/W6631252505","https://openalex.org/W6632370842","https://openalex.org/W6646382477","https://openalex.org/W6673230141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118039276","https://openalex.org/W2206035908","https://openalex.org/W2963339673","https://openalex.org/W2795728081","https://openalex.org/W2344822617","https://openalex.org/W2162158162","https://openalex.org/W4247736853","https://openalex.org/W1493012537","https://openalex.org/W1999004162","https://openalex.org/W2175373321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"Spear,":[5],"an":[6,100],"open":[7],"source":[8],"and":[9,28,57,75,93],"extensible":[10],"toolbox":[11,17],"for":[12],"state-of-the-art":[13,60],"speaker":[14,38],"recognition.":[15],"This":[16],"is":[18,107],"built":[19],"on":[20,86,109],"top":[21],"of":[22,36,55,98,103],"Bob,":[23],"a":[24,34,96],"free":[25],"signal":[26],"processing":[27,44],"machine":[29],"learning":[30],"library.":[31],"Spear":[32],"implements":[33],"set":[35],"complete":[37],"recognition":[39],"toolchains,":[40],"including":[41],"all":[42],"the":[43,47,52,80,110],"stages":[45],"from":[46],"front-end":[48],"feature":[49],"extractor":[50],"to":[51],"final":[53],"steps":[54],"decision":[56],"evaluation.":[58],"Several":[59],"modeling":[61,105],"techniques":[62,106],"are":[63],"included,":[64],"such":[65,89],"as":[66,90],"Gaussian":[67],"mixture":[68],"models,":[69],"inter-session":[70],"variability,":[71],"joint":[72],"factor":[73],"analysis":[74],"total":[76],"variability":[77],"(i-vectors).":[78],"Furthermore,":[79],"toolchains":[81],"can":[82],"be":[83],"easily":[84],"evaluated":[85],"well-known":[87],"databases":[88],"NIST":[91],"SRE":[92],"MOBIO.":[94],"As":[95],"proof":[97],"concept,":[99],"experimental":[101],"comparison":[102],"different":[104],"conducted":[108],"MOBIO":[111],"database.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}