{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036112393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","title":"Evaluation of HMM-based laughter synthesis","display_name":"Evaluation of HMM-based laughter synthesis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036112393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","mag":"2036112393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3431376","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110616673","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Urbain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130929987","display_name":"University of Mons","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnnz951","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome Urbain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Mons, Mons, Walloon Region, BE","TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Mons, Mons, Walloon Region, BE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072839884","display_name":"H\u00fcseyin \u00c7akmak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130929987","display_name":"University of Mons","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnnz951","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huseyin Cakmak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Mons, Mons, Walloon Region, BE","TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Mons, Mons, Walloon Region, BE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042439255","display_name":"Thierry Dutoit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-2150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130929987","display_name":"University of Mons","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnnz951","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Dutoit","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCTS Laboratory, Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 de Mons, Mons, Belgium","TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCTS Laboratory, Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 de Mons, Mons, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCTS Lab., Univ. de Mons, Mons, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130929987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96196588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7835","last_page":"7839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.9803229570388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laughter","display_name":"Laughter","score":0.9191218614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8791787624359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103554010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5335904359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5218021869659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.5120330452919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.44051581621170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4265490174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3456251621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12019819021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08417138457298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.05562034249305725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.9803229570388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170579","display_name":"Laughter","level":2,"score":0.9191218614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8791787624359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103554010391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5335904359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5218021869659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.5120330452919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44051581621170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4265490174293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3456251621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12019819021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08417138457298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05562034249305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.umons.ac.be:20.500.12907/41505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.umons.ac.be/handle/20.500.12907/41505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055454","display_name":"ORBi UMONS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Proceedings (2013-05-26)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3431376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3431376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3431376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3431376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6725010","https://openalex.org/W152150158","https://openalex.org/W187812487","https://openalex.org/W222076935","https://openalex.org/W976088201","https://openalex.org/W1495772310","https://openalex.org/W1591747970","https://openalex.org/W1600722501","https://openalex.org/W1969761120","https://openalex.org/W2002673289","https://openalex.org/W2116026072","https://openalex.org/W2124000984","https://openalex.org/W2134473538","https://openalex.org/W2152205330","https://openalex.org/W2154920538","https://openalex.org/W2479414554","https://openalex.org/W4235534324","https://openalex.org/W6607629167","https://openalex.org/W6608730375","https://openalex.org/W6629610270","https://openalex.org/W6635352761","https://openalex.org/W6678599822","https://openalex.org/W6682918086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914543332","https://openalex.org/W2946856121","https://openalex.org/W2108985546","https://openalex.org/W2038801705","https://openalex.org/W2433276473","https://openalex.org/W2077992636","https://openalex.org/W1537411440","https://openalex.org/W2535215250","https://openalex.org/W290673751","https://openalex.org/W2688184458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"explore":[4],"the":[5,29,32,45,59,67,70,91,94,101,104,112],"potential":[6],"of":[7,17,31,47,61,93,103],"Hidden":[8],"Markov":[9],"Models":[10],"(HMMs)":[11],"for":[12,27],"laughter":[13,86,105],"synthesis.":[14],"Several":[15],"versions":[16],"HMMs":[18],"are":[19,38],"developed,":[20],"with":[21],"varying":[22],"contextual":[23,62],"information":[24,63],"and":[25,51,79],"algorithms":[26],"estimating":[28],"parameters":[30],"source-filter":[33],"synthesis":[34,87,115],"model.":[35],"These":[36],"methods":[37],"compared,":[39],"in":[40],"a":[41],"perceptive":[42],"tests,":[43],"to":[44,90],"naturalness":[46,88],"actual":[48],"human":[49,78],"laughs":[50],"copy-synthesis":[52],"laughs.":[53],"The":[54,96],"evaluation":[55,97],"shows":[56],"that":[57,100],"1)":[58],"addition":[60],"did":[64],"not":[65],"increase":[66],"naturalness,":[68],"2)":[69],"proposed":[71],"method":[72],"is":[73],"significantly":[74,84],"less":[75],"natural":[76],"than":[77],"copy-synthesized":[80],"laughs,":[81],"but":[82],"3)":[83],"improves":[85],"compared":[89],"state":[92],"art.":[95],"also":[98],"demonstrates":[99],"duration":[102],"units":[106],"can":[107],"be":[108],"efficiently":[109],"learnt":[110],"by":[111],"HMM-based":[113],"parametric":[114],"methods.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}