{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168254078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","title":"Spoofing countermeasures to protect automatic speaker verification from voice conversion","display_name":"Spoofing countermeasures to protect automatic speaker verification from voice conversion","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168254078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","mag":"2168254078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009931329","display_name":"Federico Alegre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Alegre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074372492","display_name":"Asmaa Amehraye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa Amehraye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066811192","display_name":"Nicholas Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Communications Department, EURECOM, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Commun. Dept., EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009931329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.56027794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9916382,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3068","last_page":"3072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9653089046478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.9471766352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7943751811981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.791541576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7869052290916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5437284111976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.47203031182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.3929401934146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09842702746391296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9653089046478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.9471766352653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7943751811981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.791541576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7869052290916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5437284111976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.47203031182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.3929401934146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09842702746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8362967","https://openalex.org/W32979931","https://openalex.org/W174866149","https://openalex.org/W1604510059","https://openalex.org/W1707026573","https://openalex.org/W1716218428","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2053019885","https://openalex.org/W2112659417","https://openalex.org/W2128466129","https://openalex.org/W2131338307","https://openalex.org/W2133420453","https://openalex.org/W2138878452","https://openalex.org/W2143803185","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2159270577","https://openalex.org/W2161471225","https://openalex.org/W2161556939","https://openalex.org/W2168265087","https://openalex.org/W2182577074","https://openalex.org/W2270140468","https://openalex.org/W2404921859","https://openalex.org/W2405506115","https://openalex.org/W2548055032","https://openalex.org/W3143522270","https://openalex.org/W6600361816","https://openalex.org/W6601396385","https://openalex.org/W6607058271","https://openalex.org/W6635866963","https://openalex.org/W6637567503","https://openalex.org/W6684818301","https://openalex.org/W6685805506","https://openalex.org/W6713136263","https://openalex.org/W6729633544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294437891","https://openalex.org/W4226389478","https://openalex.org/W2790784932","https://openalex.org/W4297792928","https://openalex.org/W3016138785","https://openalex.org/W4221161333","https://openalex.org/W2061278248","https://openalex.org/W3113108043","https://openalex.org/W2168254078","https://openalex.org/W4298202768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,40,45,49],"new":[4,20,94],"countermeasure":[5,21,54],"for":[6,89],"the":[7,23,28,37,53,59,87],"protection":[8],"of":[9,31,39,48,58],"automatic":[10],"speaker":[11],"verification":[12],"systems":[13],"from":[14],"spoofed,":[15],"converted":[16],"voice":[17,42],"signals.":[18],"The":[19,83],"exploits":[22,55],"common":[24],"shift":[25],"applied":[26],"to":[27,69,92],"spectral":[29],"slope":[30],"consecutive":[32],"speech":[33],"frames":[34],"involved":[35],"in":[36,61,80],"mapping":[38],"spoofer's":[41],"signal":[43],"towards":[44],"statistical":[46],"model":[47],"given":[50],"target.":[51],"While":[52],"prior":[56,101],"knowledge":[57],"attack":[60],"an":[62],"admittedly":[63],"unrealistic":[64],"sense,":[65],"it":[66],"is":[67],"shown":[68],"detect":[70],"almost":[71],"all":[72],"spoofed":[73],"signals":[74],"which":[75,96],"otherwise":[76],"provoke":[77],"significant":[78],"increases":[79],"false":[81],"acceptance.":[82],"work":[84],"also":[85],"discusses":[86],"need":[88],"formal":[90],"evaluations":[91],"develop":[93],"countermeasures":[95],"are":[97],"less":[98],"reliant":[99],"on":[100],"knowledge.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
