{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131566471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","title":"Conditional leaving-one-out and cross-validation for discount estimation in Kneser-Ney-like extensions","display_name":"Conditional leaving-one-out and cross-validation for discount estimation in Kneser-Ney-like extensions","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131566471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","mag":"2131566471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019869698","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Andr\u00e9s-Ferrer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Andr\u00e9s-Ferrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology, Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Valencia, Spain","[Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Spain]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology, Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Spain]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064985080","display_name":"Martin Sundermeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sundermeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112501010","display_name":"Hermann Ney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019869698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13455657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5013","last_page":"5016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.6398072838783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounting","display_name":"Discounting","score":0.6002370715141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5242976546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4615459740161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4340302050113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41909945011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4050768315792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3807830214500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3472132682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12422776222229004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.6398072838783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.6002370715141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5242976546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4615459740161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4340302050113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41909945011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4050768315792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3807830214500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3472132682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12422776222229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6289046","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:127774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/127774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2012) : Kyoto, Japan, 25 - 30 March 2012 ; [proceedings] / [sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Signal Processing Society]<br/>2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2012, Kyoto, Japan, 2012-03-25 - 2012-03-30","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542491098","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W1970689298","https://openalex.org/W2050971845","https://openalex.org/W2097927681","https://openalex.org/W2101051131","https://openalex.org/W2108335221","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2155520241","https://openalex.org/W2168938909","https://openalex.org/W2398887489","https://openalex.org/W2950186769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978572805","https://openalex.org/W2383807498","https://openalex.org/W1997992934","https://openalex.org/W1987225439","https://openalex.org/W4238188170","https://openalex.org/W2125114371","https://openalex.org/W2019977573","https://openalex.org/W2149980199","https://openalex.org/W3125766170","https://openalex.org/W2040641410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"smoothing":[1,22],"of":[2,19,81],"n-gram":[3],"models":[4],"is":[5,69,99],"a":[6,27],"core":[7],"technique":[8,25],"in":[9,34,55,107],"language":[10],"modelling":[11],"(LM).":[12],"Modified":[13],"Kneser-Ney":[14],"(mKN)":[15],"ranges":[16],"among":[17],"one":[18],"the":[20,31,38,43,47,51,60,63,79,82],"best":[21],"techniques.":[23],"This":[24],"discounts":[26],"fixed":[28],"quantity":[29],"from":[30],"observed":[32],"counts":[33,45,65,68],"order":[35],"to":[36,62,91],"approximate":[37,92],"Turing-Good":[39],"(TG)":[40],"counts.":[41,95],"Despite":[42],"TG":[44,64,94],"optimise":[46],"leaving-one-out":[48],"(L1O)":[49],"criterion,":[50],"discounting":[52,83],"parameters":[53,84],"introduced":[54],"mKN":[56,105],"do":[57],"not.":[58],"Moreover,":[59],"approximation":[61],"for":[66],"large":[67,109],"heavily":[70],"simplified.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"work,":[74],"both":[75],"ideas":[76],"are":[77],"addressed:":[78],"estimation":[80],"by":[85],"L1O":[86,97],"and":[87,104],"better":[88],"functional":[89],"forms":[90],"larger":[93],"performance":[98],"compared":[100],"with":[101],"cross-validation":[102],"(CV)":[103],"baseline":[106],"two":[108],"vocabulary":[110],"tasks.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
