{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102422471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","title":"Two-layer fragilewatermarking method for enhanced tampering localisation","display_name":"Two-layer fragilewatermarking method for enhanced tampering localisation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102422471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","mag":"2102422471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072960233","display_name":"Sergio Bravo-Solorio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Bravo-Solorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engg. & Electronics, The University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engg. & Electronics, The University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010643037","display_name":"Asoke K. Nandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asoke K. Nandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engg. & Electronics, The University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engg. & Electronics, The University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 3GJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072960233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5968909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"2245","last_page":"2248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9230996370315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.8265649080276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7633935213088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6246705651283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5936145782470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47787991166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.463966965675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3432177007198334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2917482256889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13957804441452026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9230996370315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8265649080276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633935213088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6246705651283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5936145782470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47787991166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.463966965675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3432177007198334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2917482256889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13957804441452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111612404","https://openalex.org/W1524144700","https://openalex.org/W1545451589","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1994869385","https://openalex.org/W2003119559","https://openalex.org/W2083324871","https://openalex.org/W2085762706","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2117614425","https://openalex.org/W2118224871","https://openalex.org/W2142871496","https://openalex.org/W2164840593","https://openalex.org/W2481800796","https://openalex.org/W2587628976","https://openalex.org/W2791010518","https://openalex.org/W6604484776","https://openalex.org/W6632710640","https://openalex.org/W6681116572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361629745","https://openalex.org/W2107922825","https://openalex.org/W3094285444","https://openalex.org/W1568204688","https://openalex.org/W2381262728","https://openalex.org/W2111592878","https://openalex.org/W1846726187","https://openalex.org/W2009856579","https://openalex.org/W1593964766","https://openalex.org/W3021755553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,9],"new":[4],"fragile":[5],"watermarking":[6,15,75],"method,":[7],"whereby":[8],"secure":[10],"block-wise":[11,27,54],"and":[12],"an":[13],"interlaced":[14,42],"mechanisms":[16],"are":[17,57],"hierarchically":[18],"structured":[19],"to":[20,59],"provide":[21],"higher":[22],"tampering":[23],"localisation":[24,49,63],"capabilities.":[25],"The":[26],"method":[28,68],"provides":[29],"security":[30],"against":[31],"conventional":[32],"distortions,":[33],"cropping,":[34],"as":[35,37],"well":[36],"sophisticated":[38],"attacks,":[39],"whereas":[40],"the":[41,48,53,61,66],"scheme":[43],"is":[44],"aimed":[45],"at":[46],"enhancing":[47],"accuracy":[50],"achieved":[51],"by":[52],"method.":[55],"Results":[56],"presented":[58],"illustrate":[60],"improved":[62],"capabilities":[64],"of":[65],"proposed":[67],"in":[69],"comparison":[70],"with":[71],"some":[72],"five":[73],"existing":[74],"schemes.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
