{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104032746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","title":"Continuous space discriminative language modeling","display_name":"Continuous space discriminative language modeling","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104032746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","mag":"2104032746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102909012","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0406-7133"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014580424","display_name":"Sanjeev Khudanpur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-0897"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Khudanpur","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007425606","display_name":"Maider Lehr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["OHSU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OHSU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085014772","display_name":"Emily Prud\u2019hommeaux","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Prud'hommeaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["OHSU, USA","JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OHSU, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051484770","display_name":"Nathan Glenn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43943889","display_name":"Brigham Young University - Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/05j7qk258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43943889"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Glenn","raw_affiliation_strings":["BYU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BYU, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43943889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054865609","display_name":"Damianos Karakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Karakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020068498","display_name":"Brian Roark","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Roark","raw_affiliation_strings":["OHSU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OHSU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070742827","display_name":"Kenji Sagae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-0618"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sagae","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055086464","display_name":"Murat Sara\u00e7lar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43943889","display_name":"Brigham Young University - Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/05j7qk258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43943889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Saraclar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Turkey","BYU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BYU, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43943889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025419994","display_name":"Izhak Shafran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Shafran","raw_affiliation_strings":["OHSU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OHSU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111888905","display_name":"Daniel M. Bikel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Bikel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., USA","Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i U., Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i U., Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068508539","display_name":"Chris Callison-Burch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-1943"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Callison-Burch","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075984445","display_name":"Yuan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-6299"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013958949","display_name":"Keith Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., USA","Google, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069654424","display_name":"Eva Hasler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Hasler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048132414","display_name":"Phillipp Koehn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Koehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087248790","display_name":"Antonio M. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-5783"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108266978","display_name":"Matt Post","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Post","raw_affiliation_strings":["JHU, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JHU, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071170549","display_name":"Darcey Riley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester, USA","Rochester USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":19,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102909012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83785799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2129","last_page":"2132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8756198883056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.7324111461639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6586964726448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6263000965118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5241463780403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5217698216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5063751935958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4995710849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.49163728952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45981746912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4580506384372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.41951674222946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33295273780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2789944112300873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8756198883056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.7324111461639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6586964726448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6263000965118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5241463780403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5217698216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5063751935958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4995710849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.49163728952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45981746912002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4580506384372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.41951674222946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33295273780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2789944112300873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2012.6288332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xu, P, Khudanpur, S, Lehr, M, Prud'hommeaux, E T, Glenn, N, Karakos, D, Roark, B, Sagae, K, Saraclar, M, Shafran, I, Bikel, D M, Callison-Burch, C, Cao, Y, Hall, K B, Hasler, E, Koehn, P, Lopez, A, Post, M & Riley, D 2012, Continuous space discriminative language modeling. in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2012, Kyoto, Japan, March 25-30, 2012. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 2129-2132. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6288332","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/0f85515f-1dd2-4899-9edd-1b5dfa8d6094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xu, P, Khudanpur, S, Lehr, M, Prud'hommeaux, E T, Glenn, N, Karakos, D, Roark, B, Sagae, K, Saraclar, M, Shafran, I, Bikel, D M, Callison-Burch, C, Cao, Y, Hall, K B, Hasler, E, Koehn, P, Lopez, A, Post, M & Riley, D 2012, Continuous space discriminative language modeling. in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2012, Kyoto, Japan, March 25-30, 2012. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 2129-2132. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6288332","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605575788","https://openalex.org/W1970689298","https://openalex.org/W2005076803","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2132339004","https://openalex.org/W2158025800","https://openalex.org/W3167803720","https://openalex.org/W4230318854","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6796243624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2395910192","https://openalex.org/W2112752961","https://openalex.org/W2113687551","https://openalex.org/W2162582511","https://openalex.org/W156213964","https://openalex.org/W2050960118","https://openalex.org/W2594897229","https://openalex.org/W2151348424","https://openalex.org/W4221142855","https://openalex.org/W2050138804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discriminative":[0],"language":[1],"modeling":[2],"is":[3,30],"a":[4,33,38,63,80],"structured":[5],"classification":[6],"problem.":[7,17],"Log-linear":[8],"models":[9,29],"have":[10],"been":[11],"previously":[12],"used":[13,26],"to":[14],"address":[15],"this":[16,19],"In":[18],"paper,":[20],"the":[21,53,66,88],"standard":[22],"dot-product":[23],"feature":[24],"representation":[25],"in":[27],"log-linear":[28],"replaced":[31],"by":[32,37],"non-linear":[34],"function":[35],"parameterized":[36],"neural":[39],"network.":[40],"Embeddings":[41],"are":[42,49,91],"learned":[43],"for":[44],"each":[45],"word":[46,73],"and":[47],"features":[48],"extracted":[50],"automatically":[51],"through":[52],"use":[54],"of":[55],"convolutional":[56],"layers.":[57],"Experimental":[58],"results":[59],"show":[60],"that":[61],"as":[62],"stand-alone":[64],"model":[65,69],"continuous":[67],"space":[68],"yields":[70],"significantly":[71],"lower":[72],"error":[74],"rate":[75],"(1%":[76],"absolute),":[77],"while":[78],"having":[79],"much":[81],"more":[82],"compact":[83],"parameterization":[84],"(60%-90%":[85],"smaller).":[86],"If":[87],"baseline":[89],"scores":[90],"combined,":[92],"our":[93],"approach":[94],"performs":[95],"equally":[96],"well.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}