{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2264970638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","title":"Bilingual acoustic modeling with state mapping and three-stage adaptation for transcribing unbalanced code-mixed lectures","display_name":"Bilingual acoustic modeling with state mapping and three-stage adaptation for transcribing unbalanced code-mixed lectures","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2264970638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","mag":"2264970638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087421101","display_name":"Ching-Feng Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Feng Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024599062","display_name":"Liang-Che Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang-Che Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102390750","display_name":"Chao-Yu Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044010123","display_name":"Lin-shan Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin-Shan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82274844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"5020","last_page":"5023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8351837992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.6759152412414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.632326066493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5917508602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5872830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5361151099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4518444538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44024670124053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.424103319644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.41158750653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3001617193222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2020554542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.07970833778381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07438260316848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.058018624782562256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8351837992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.6759152412414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.632326066493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5917508602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5872830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5361151099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4518444538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44024670124053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.424103319644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.41158750653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3001617193222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2020554542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.07970833778381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07438260316848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.058018624782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5947484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174561924","https://openalex.org/W180685247","https://openalex.org/W1537735731","https://openalex.org/W2000688218","https://openalex.org/W2021428249","https://openalex.org/W2033436836","https://openalex.org/W2047252301","https://openalex.org/W2139751012","https://openalex.org/W2146871184","https://openalex.org/W2165357419","https://openalex.org/W4300869073","https://openalex.org/W6631959037","https://openalex.org/W6650437336","https://openalex.org/W6682298547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990005675","https://openalex.org/W2374317326","https://openalex.org/W1603321096","https://openalex.org/W2394766824","https://openalex.org/W2078713291","https://openalex.org/W2361574037","https://openalex.org/W2386292991","https://openalex.org/W2364440891","https://openalex.org/W2393726922","https://openalex.org/W2366752344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,93],"bilingual":[4,95],"acoustic":[5],"modeling":[6],"approach":[7],"for":[8,20],"transcribing":[9],"Mandarin-English":[10],"code-mixed":[11,96],"lectures":[12],"with":[13,92],"highly":[14],"unbalanced":[15],"language":[16,28,42,115],"distribution.":[17],"Special":[18],"terminologies":[19],"the":[21,26,36,40,51,55,60,64,79,90,113,117,124],"content":[22],"were":[23,87],"produced":[24,38],"in":[25,35,39,84,89,112,123],"guest":[27],"of":[29,43,50,59,75,116,120],"English":[30,61],"(about":[31,45],"15%)":[32],"and":[33,54,69],"embedded":[34],"utterances":[37],"host":[41],"Mandarin":[44],"85%).":[46],"The":[47,104],"code-mixing":[48,105],"nature":[49],"target":[52],"corpus":[53,98],"very":[56,110],"small":[57],"percentage":[58],"data":[62],"made":[63],"task":[65],"difficult.":[66],"State":[67],"mapping":[68],"merging":[70],"approaches":[71],"plus":[72],"three":[73],"stages":[74],"model":[76],"adaptation":[77],"handles":[78],"above":[80],"problem.":[81],"Significant":[82],"improvements":[83],"recognition":[85],"accuracy":[86],"obtained":[88],"experiment":[91],"real":[94],"lecture":[97],"recorded":[99],"at":[100],"National":[101],"Taiwan":[102],"University.":[103],"situation":[106],"considered":[107],"is":[108],"actually":[109],"natural":[111],"spoken":[114],"daily":[118],"lives":[119],"many":[121],"people":[122],"globalized":[125],"world":[126],"today.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}