{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110068575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","title":"A method to infer emotions from facial Action Units","display_name":"A method to infer emotions from facial Action Units","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110068575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","mag":"2110068575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110819276","display_name":"Sudha Velusamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudha Velusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065870270","display_name":"Hariprasad Kannan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hariprasad Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103584933","display_name":"Balasubramanian Anand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balasubramanian Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103563411","display_name":"Anshul Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshul Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076498663","display_name":"Bilva Navathe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilva Navathe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations Private Limited, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Group, Samsung India Software Operations, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90433248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2028","last_page":"2031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7375238537788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7256752252578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.685356855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5741257071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5252237319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47387978434562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4603578448295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4458497166633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17674419283866882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7375238537788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7256752252578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.685356855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5741257071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5252237319946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47387978434562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4603578448295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4458497166633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17674419283866882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581394280","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2105726572","https://openalex.org/W2129604119","https://openalex.org/W2134249892","https://openalex.org/W2140351517","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2163030858","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6679221239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2110523656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,180],"present":[1],"a":[2,54,67,72,101,125],"robust":[3],"method":[4,163],"to":[5,12,21,24,35,38,43,61,120,144,157],"map":[6,36],"detected":[7],"facial":[8],"Action":[9],"Units":[10],"(AUs)":[11],"six":[13,63],"basic":[14,64],"emotions.":[15,140],"Automatic":[16],"AU":[17,153],"recognition":[18],"is":[19,118,142,164],"prone":[20],"errors":[22],"due":[23],"illumination,":[25],"tracking":[26],"failures":[27],"and":[28,46,71,80,134,155,175,188,196],"occlusions.":[29],"Hence,":[30],"traditional":[31],"rule":[32,185],"based":[33,186],"methods":[34],"AUs":[37,58,79,91,129],"emotions":[39,65,81],"are":[40,59,82,98],"very":[41],"sensitive":[42],"false":[44,159],"positives":[45],"misses":[47],"among":[48],"the":[49,62,78,88,122,131,137],"AUs.":[50],"In":[51],"our":[52,182],"method,":[53],"set":[55],"of":[56,124,128],"chosen":[57],"mapped":[60],"using":[66,100],"learned":[68],"statistical":[69],"relationship":[70],"suitable":[73],"matching":[74],"technique.":[75],"Relationships":[76],"between":[77],"captured":[83],"as":[84],"template":[85,96,132],"strings":[86,97],"comprising":[87],"most":[89],"discriminative":[90,104],"for":[92,114],"each":[93],"emotion.":[94],"The":[95,106,161],"computed":[99],"concept":[102],"called":[103],"power.":[105],"Longest":[107],"Common":[108],"Subsequence":[109],"(LCS)":[110],"distance,":[111],"an":[112],"approach":[113],"approximate":[115],"string":[116,127],"matching,":[117],"applied":[119],"calculate":[121],"closeness":[123],"test":[126],"with":[130,166,184],"strings,":[133],"hence":[135],"infer":[136],"under":[138],"lying":[139],"LCS":[141],"found":[143],"be":[145],"efficient":[146],"in":[147],"handling":[148],"practical":[149],"issues":[150],"like":[151,169],"erroneous":[152],"detection":[154],"helps":[156],"reduce":[158],"predictions.":[160],"proposed":[162],"tested":[165],"various":[167],"databases":[168,195],"CK+,":[170],"ISL,":[171],"FACS,":[172],"JAFFE,":[173],"MindReading":[174],"many":[176],"real-world":[177,197],"video":[178],"frames.":[179],"compare":[181],"performance":[183],"techniques,":[187],"show":[189],"clear":[190],"improvement":[191],"on":[192],"both":[193],"benchmark":[194],"datasets.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
