{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107253631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","title":"Towards improving network flow watermarks using the repeat-accumulate codes","display_name":"Towards improving network flow watermarks using the repeat-accumulate codes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107253631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","mag":"2107253631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018588864","display_name":"Amir Houmansadr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Houmansadr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024942018","display_name":"Nikita Borisov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Borisov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1852","last_page":"1855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7998033761978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.47580891847610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.459191232919693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-network","display_name":"Flow network","score":0.4490264356136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.4487794041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4427715539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4345023036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3930662274360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35044679045677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3502236604690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14389008283615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.136368066072464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7998033761978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.47580891847610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.459191232919693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.4490264356136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.4487794041633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4427715539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4345023036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3930662274360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35044679045677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3502236604690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14389008283615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.136368066072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5946866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.5405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.5405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hatswitch.org/~nikita/papers/crainbow-icassp11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127688506","https://openalex.org/W147465018","https://openalex.org/W187122915","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2146148058","https://openalex.org/W2151114655","https://openalex.org/W2169991041","https://openalex.org/W6605166902","https://openalex.org/W6607628921","https://openalex.org/W6682067062","https://openalex.org/W6684777503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369048989","https://openalex.org/W2142488199","https://openalex.org/W2387794751","https://openalex.org/W2367131347","https://openalex.org/W2031031029","https://openalex.org/W4286233224","https://openalex.org/W4312782971","https://openalex.org/W2539870919","https://openalex.org/W2125820283","https://openalex.org/W2137394636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,20],"intruders":[1],"try":[2],"to":[3,26,61,85],"hide":[4],"their":[5,9],"identity":[6],"by":[7,30,39,48],"relaying":[8],"traffic":[10],"through":[11,107],"a":[12,32,76,91],"number":[13],"of":[14,41,58,65,78,90,102],"intermediate":[15],"hosts,":[16],"called":[17],"stepping":[18],"stones.":[19],"flow":[21,38,67,93],"watermarks":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"used":[25],"detect":[27],"such":[28],"attacks":[29],"inserting":[31],"special":[33],"timing":[34],"pattern":[35],"into":[36],"one":[37],"means":[40],"artificial":[42],"delays":[43],"and":[44,109],"detecting":[45],"relayed":[46],"flows":[47],"searching":[49],"for":[50],"the":[51,56,63,73,87,95,100,103],"same":[52],"pattern.":[53],"We":[54,98],"study":[55],"application":[57],"coding":[59],"schemes":[60],"improve":[62,86],"efficiency":[64],"network":[66],"watermarks.":[68],"In":[69],"particular,":[70],"we":[71],"use":[72],"Repeat-Accumulate":[74],"codes,":[75,84],"class":[77],"low":[79],"complexity,":[80],"high":[81],"performance":[82,89],"error-correcting":[83],"detection":[88],"recent":[92],"watermark,":[94],"RAIN":[96],"BOW.":[97],"show":[99],"effectiveness":[101],"improved":[104],"scheme,":[105],"C-RAINBOW,":[106],"simulation":[108],"discuss":[110],"design":[111],"tradeoffs.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
