{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123242372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","title":"Applying log linear model based context dependent machine translation techniques to grapheme-to-phoneme conversion","display_name":"Applying log linear model based context dependent machine translation techniques to grapheme-to-phoneme conversion","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123242372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","mag":"2123242372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451786","display_name":"Rong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-2847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107808331","display_name":"Bowen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3414-6267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100451786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85007824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"4634","last_page":"4637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme","display_name":"Grapheme","score":0.9524551630020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8634387254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7513383030891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6731400489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6161863803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.609521210193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6028605699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5768669843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5632275938987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5102815628051758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.9524551630020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8634387254714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7513383030891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6731400489807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6161863803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.609521210193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6028605699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5768669843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5632275938987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5102815628051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36709579","https://openalex.org/W67332896","https://openalex.org/W120415783","https://openalex.org/W1506201763","https://openalex.org/W1506212051","https://openalex.org/W1580142630","https://openalex.org/W1779680350","https://openalex.org/W1970195330","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2073845625","https://openalex.org/W2112711188","https://openalex.org/W2118947254","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2165095312","https://openalex.org/W6601528411","https://openalex.org/W6630412972","https://openalex.org/W6630547646","https://openalex.org/W6635058605","https://openalex.org/W6638280674","https://openalex.org/W6652311901","https://openalex.org/W6676793872","https://openalex.org/W6677499955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506515307","https://openalex.org/W2060656088","https://openalex.org/W4385893898","https://openalex.org/W2384400852","https://openalex.org/W3204898214","https://openalex.org/W2963259630","https://openalex.org/W2070920720","https://openalex.org/W2398549619","https://openalex.org/W1542743110","https://openalex.org/W2883671469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grapheme-to-Phoneme":[0,29],"conversion":[1,30,109],"is":[2,23,31,81],"a":[3,34,67],"challenging":[4],"task":[5],"for":[6,12,20],"speech":[7],"recognition":[8],"and":[9,41,75,103,130],"text-to-speech":[10],"systems":[11],"which":[13,64],"the":[14,150],"functionality":[15],"of":[16,37,73],"automatically":[17],"predicting":[18],"pronunciations":[19],"OOV":[21],"words":[22],"highly":[24],"desirable.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"viewed":[32],"as":[33,140,142],"special":[35],"case":[36],"sequence":[38],"translation":[39,51,57,89,119],"problem":[40],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"to":[44,66,83,117],"tackle":[45],"it":[46],"with":[47,92],"phrase":[48],"based":[49],"log-linear":[50],"model.":[52],"We":[53],"improve":[54],"standard":[55],"machine":[56],"method":[58],"by":[59,87,128],"utilizing":[60],"context":[61],"dependent":[62],"units":[63],"lead":[65],"better":[68,137],"many-to-many":[69],"alignment":[70,94],"between":[71],"chunks":[72],"graphemes":[74],"phonemes.":[76],"Furthermore,":[77],"hypotheses":[78],"combination":[79],"technique":[80],"applied":[82],"combine":[84],"outputs":[85],"generated":[86],"multiple":[88],"models":[90],"trained":[91],"different":[93],"units.":[95],"Our":[96,133],"proposed":[97],"approach":[98,134],"was":[99],"evaluated":[100],"on":[101,108,113,149],"NetTalk":[102],"CMUDict":[104],"datasets.":[105],"Significant":[106],"improvements":[107],"accuracy":[110],"are":[111,125],"observed":[112],"both":[114],"sets":[115],"compared":[116],"conventional":[118],"method:":[120],"phoneme":[121],"level":[122],"error":[123],"rates":[124],"reduced":[126],"relatively":[127],"18.4%":[129],"22.5%,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"also":[135],"performs":[136],"than":[138],"or":[139],"good":[141],"previously":[143],"published":[144],"data":[145],"driven":[146],"methods":[147],"examined":[148],"same":[151],"tasks.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}