{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981678206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","title":"Backpropagation training for multilayer conditional random field based phone recognition","display_name":"Backpropagation training for multilayer conditional random field based phone recognition","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981678206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","mag":"1981678206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032640894","display_name":"Rohit Prabhavalkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Prabhavalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","The Ohio State University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Columbus,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Columbus,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056667180","display_name":"Eric Fosler\u2010Lussier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Fosler-Lussier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","The Ohio State University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Columbus,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ohio State Uinversity, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Columbus,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5534","last_page":"5537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.9640153646469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9591097831726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.763945460319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7104887962341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.6060948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.6022516489028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5853321552276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5549396872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5338277816772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5337831377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5333188772201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4172329902648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.404532253742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3679544925689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.367068886756897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.9640153646469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9591097831726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.763945460319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7104887962341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6060948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.6022516489028931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5853321552276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5549396872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5338277816772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5337831377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5333188772201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4172329902648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.404532253742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3679544925689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.367068886756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1802969839","https://openalex.org/W2077804127","https://openalex.org/W2114016253","https://openalex.org/W2124124367","https://openalex.org/W2131700150","https://openalex.org/W2133924365","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2156615793","https://openalex.org/W2159948109","https://openalex.org/W2619993508","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6683644788","https://openalex.org/W6917638038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W2011251309","https://openalex.org/W2511246383","https://openalex.org/W3108423214","https://openalex.org/W2796133761","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W2184553228","https://openalex.org/W2390846138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conditional":[0],"random":[1],"fields":[2],"(CRFs)":[3],"have":[4,16],"recently":[5],"found":[6],"increased":[7],"popularity":[8],"in":[9,31],"automatic":[10],"speech":[11],"recognition":[12,35,102],"(ASR)":[13],"applications.":[14],"CRFs":[15],"previously":[17],"been":[18],"shown":[19],"to":[20,56,69],"be":[21],"effective":[22],"combiners":[23],"of":[24,89],"posterior":[25],"estimates":[26],"from":[27],"multilayer":[28],"perceptrons":[29],"(MLPs)":[30],"phone":[32,101],"and":[33],"word":[34],"tasks.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,60],"describe":[41],"a":[42,49,62,71,115],"novel":[43],"hybrid":[44],"Multilayer-CRF":[45],"structure":[46],"(ML-CRF),":[47],"where":[48],"MLP-like":[50],"hidden":[51],"layer":[52],"serves":[53],"as":[54],"input":[55],"the":[57,67,86,94,105],"CRF;":[58],"moreover,":[59],"propose":[61],"technique":[63,82],"for":[64,85,93,99,118],"directly":[65],"training":[66,119],"ML-CRF":[68],"optimize":[70],"conditional":[72],"log-likelihood":[73],"based":[74,76],"criterion,":[75],"on":[77,104],"error":[78],"backpropagation.":[79],"The":[80],"proposed":[81,112],"thus":[83],"allows":[84],"implicit":[87],"learning":[88],"suitable":[90],"feature":[91],"functions":[92],"CRF.":[95],"We":[96],"present":[97],"results":[98],"initial":[100],"experiments":[103],"TIMIT":[106],"database":[107],"that":[108,110],"indicate":[109],"our":[111],"method":[113],"is":[114],"promising":[116],"approach":[117],"CRFs.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}