{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155277636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","title":"On the phonetic information in ultrasonic microphone signals","display_name":"On the phonetic information in ultrasonic microphone signals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155277636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","mag":"2155277636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59850","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015602781","display_name":"Karen Livescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160992636","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02sn5gb64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karen Livescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Technical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Technical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101440020","display_name":"Bo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7100-4791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112758056","display_name":"James Glass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-360X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Glass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015602781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19761273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":null,"first_page":"4621","last_page":"4624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7565039396286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.689143180847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.648837149143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.563855767250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5571284294128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-of-articulation","display_name":"Place of articulation","score":0.5249980688095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.5118271708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4918358325958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46688714623451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4648441672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetics","display_name":"Phonetics","score":0.42347946763038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","score":0.42101311683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41755396127700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consonant","display_name":"Consonant","score":0.4044390022754669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35047608613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09376424551010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08088642358779907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7565039396286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.689143180847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.648837149143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.563855767250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5571284294128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36933642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214090","display_name":"Place of articulation","level":4,"score":0.5249980688095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.5118271708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4918358325958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46688714623451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4648441672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137584468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35395","display_name":"Phonetics","level":2,"score":0.42347946763038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.42101311683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41755396127700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778203577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38035","display_name":"Consonant","level":3,"score":0.4044390022754669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35047608613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09376424551010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08088642358779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960660","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.154.4448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.154.4448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sls.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/2009/Livescu-ICASSP09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.411.7617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.411.7617","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ttic.uchicago.edu/~klivescu/papers/livescu_ICASSP09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/59850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/59850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281153593","https://openalex.org/W1971442989","https://openalex.org/W2010189898","https://openalex.org/W2013699441","https://openalex.org/W2098817692","https://openalex.org/W2102986479","https://openalex.org/W2111732304","https://openalex.org/W2118187350","https://openalex.org/W6610190412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964706935","https://openalex.org/W2020946215","https://openalex.org/W2801025542","https://openalex.org/W1966580183","https://openalex.org/W2159095556","https://openalex.org/W2083136263","https://openalex.org/W4213283234","https://openalex.org/W4252296115","https://openalex.org/W2089522121","https://openalex.org/W2373394249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,62],"study":[1],"the":[2,6,24,49,101,104,115],"phonetic":[3],"information":[4],"in":[5,32,73],"signal":[7],"from":[8],"an":[9,16,44],"ultrasonic":[10,17,50,82],"ldquomicrophonerdquo,":[11],"a":[12,20,56,79],"device":[13],"that":[14],"emits":[15],"wave":[18],"toward":[19],"speaker":[21],"and":[22,52,65,70,75,85,96,111,123],"receives":[23],"reflected,":[25],"Doppler-shifted":[26],"signal.":[27],"This":[28,41],"can":[29],"be":[30],"used":[31],"addition":[33],"to":[34,36,46,54,92,109],"audio":[35],"improve":[37],"automatic":[38],"speech":[39],"recognition.":[40],"work":[42],"is":[43,90],"effort":[45],"better":[47],"understand":[48],"signal,":[51],"potentially":[53],"determine":[55],"set":[57,80],"of":[58,81,113],"natural":[59],"sub-word":[60],"units.":[61],"present":[63],"classification":[64],"clustering":[66,100],"experiments":[67],"on":[68],"CVC":[69],"VCV":[71],"sequences":[72],"speaker-dependent":[74],"multi-speaker":[76],"settings.":[77],"Using":[78],"spectral":[83],"features":[84],"diagonal":[86],"Gaussian":[87],"models,":[88],"it":[89],"possible":[91],"distinguish":[93],"all":[94],"consonants":[95],"most":[97],"vowels.":[98,125],"When":[99],"confusion":[102],"data,":[103],"consonant":[105],"clusters":[106,119],"mostly":[107],"correspond":[108],"places":[110],"manners":[112],"articulation;":[114],"vowel":[116],"data":[117],"roughly":[118],"into":[120],"high,":[121],"low,":[122],"rounded":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}