{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139361560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","title":"Multi-layer ratio Semi-Definite Classifiers","display_name":"Multi-layer ratio Semi-Definite Classifiers","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139361560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","mag":"2139361560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111946966","display_name":"Jonathan Malkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Malkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113478221","display_name":"Jeff Bilmes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Bilmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111946966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81863395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4465","last_page":"4468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.7422190308570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6521291136741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480066180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5578088164329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5560568571090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.5544421672821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4907127618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4267573356628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3209528923034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.24610275030136108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.7422190308570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6521291136741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480066180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5578088164329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5560568571090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.5544421672821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4907127618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4267573356628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3209528923034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.24610275030136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.324.1071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.324.1071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://melodi.ee.washington.edu/vj/files/ICASSP-2009-MLRSC.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.420.4103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.420.4103","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://melodi.ee.washington.edu/~bilmes/mypubs/malkin2009-mlrsc-icassp.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10592281","https://openalex.org/W91116557","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W2077804127","https://openalex.org/W2094958958","https://openalex.org/W2128047661","https://openalex.org/W2141459259","https://openalex.org/W2150142469","https://openalex.org/W2155336872","https://openalex.org/W2155387690","https://openalex.org/W2182717124","https://openalex.org/W2229855789","https://openalex.org/W2619993508","https://openalex.org/W2912522929","https://openalex.org/W2962826892","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6637788602","https://openalex.org/W6685938539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2521627374","https://openalex.org/W1487808658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"a":[2,10,15,22],"novel":[3],"extension":[4],"to":[5,25],"the":[6,26,32,39,62],"ratio":[7,16],"semi-definite":[8,18],"classifier,":[9],"discriminative":[11],"model":[12,59],"formulated":[13],"as":[14,47,49,80],"of":[17,71],"polynomials.":[19],"By":[20],"adding":[21],"hidden":[23],"layer":[24],"model,":[27,33],"we":[28],"can":[29],"efficiently":[30],"train":[31],"while":[34,73],"achieving":[35],"higher":[36],"accuracy":[37],"than":[38],"original":[40],"version.":[41],"Results":[42],"on":[43,69],"artificial":[44],"2-D":[45],"data":[46],"well":[48],"two":[50],"separate":[51],"phone":[52],"classification":[53],"corpora":[54],"show":[55],"that":[56],"our":[57],"multi-layer":[58,81],"still":[60],"avoids":[61],"overconfidence":[63],"bias":[64],"found":[65],"in":[66],"models":[67],"based":[68],"ratios":[70],"exponentials,":[72],"remaining":[74],"competitive":[75],"with":[76],"state-of-the-art":[77],"techniques":[78],"such":[79],"perceptrons.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}