{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123545720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","title":"Unsupervised pronunciation validation","display_name":"Unsupervised pronunciation validation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123545720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","mag":"2123545720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018012809","display_name":"Christopher White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-0441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA","HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088302697","display_name":"Abhinav Sethy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113654","display_name":"IBM (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/025sxka56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinav Sethy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Canada","IBM USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071715737","display_name":"Bhuvana Ramabhadran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113654","display_name":"IBM (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/025sxka56","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhuvana Ramabhadran","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Canada","IBM USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113654"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065795662","display_name":"Patrick J. Wolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-2777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082349516","display_name":"Erica Cooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2978-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erica Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055086464","display_name":"Murat Sara\u00e7lar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Saraclar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bogazici University, Turkey","Bogazici University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bogazici University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104595084","display_name":"James K. Baker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James K. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA","HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLT Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018012809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7459014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4301","last_page":"4304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8647964000701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.8578810691833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6972174644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.6663394570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6637934446334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.6606578826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6326875686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5847234725952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5774532556533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5446540713310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4567301571369171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.4494726359844208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3292023837566376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8647964000701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.8578810691833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6972174644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6663394570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6637934446334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.6606578826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6326875686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5847234725952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5774532556533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5446540713310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4567301571369171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.4494726359844208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3292023837566376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.2311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.2311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/~cwhite/papers/icassp_09_unsup.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.1208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.1208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~julia/papers/whiteetal09b.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74970197","https://openalex.org/W2015688877","https://openalex.org/W2120234416","https://openalex.org/W2121155963","https://openalex.org/W2126315862","https://openalex.org/W2127000031","https://openalex.org/W2127095586","https://openalex.org/W2127611282","https://openalex.org/W2144087290","https://openalex.org/W2152731658","https://openalex.org/W2156431836","https://openalex.org/W6678551619","https://openalex.org/W6678893664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W2423284978","https://openalex.org/W2083922162","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W4220683390","https://openalex.org/W2776838583","https://openalex.org/W2359469050","https://openalex.org/W1607396156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"selecting":[3],"between":[4],"candidate":[5],"pronunciations":[6],"for":[7,50,60],"out-of-vocabulary":[8],"words":[9],"in":[10],"speech":[11,45,54],"processing":[12],"tasks.":[13],"We":[14],"introduce":[15],"a":[16,30,70],"simple,":[17],"unsupervised":[18],"method":[19,25,36],"that":[20],"outperforms":[21],"the":[22],"conventional":[23],"supervised":[24],"of":[26,34,93,95],"forced":[27],"alignment":[28],"with":[29],"reference.":[31],"The":[32,74,85],"success":[33],"this":[35],"is":[37],"independently":[38],"demonstrated":[39],"using":[40,78],"three":[41],"metrics":[42],"from":[43],"large-scale":[44],"tasks:":[46],"word":[47],"error":[48,57,66],"rates":[49,67],"large":[51],"vocabulary":[52],"continuous":[53],"recognition,":[55,80],"decision":[56],"tradeoff":[58],"curves":[59],"spoken":[61],"term":[62],"detection,":[63],"and":[64,82,97],"phone":[65],"compared":[68,88],"to":[69],"handcrafted":[71],"pronunciation":[72],"lexicon.":[73],"experiments":[75],"were":[76,87],"conducted":[77],"state-of-the-art":[79],"indexing,":[81],"retrieval":[83],"systems.":[84],"results":[86],"across":[89],"many":[90],"terms,":[91],"hundreds":[92],"hours":[94],"speech,":[96],"well":[98],"known":[99],"data":[100],"sets.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}