{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118782684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","title":"Frequency invariant MVDR beamforming without filters and implementation using MIMO radar","display_name":"Frequency invariant MVDR beamforming without filters and implementation using MIMO radar","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118782684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","mag":"2118782684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043251101","display_name":"Piya Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-7798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piya Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering (MC 136-93), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (MC 136-93), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049466863","display_name":"P. P. Vaidyanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-7042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. P. Vaidyanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering (MC 136-93), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (MC 136-93), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043251101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":81.4621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99701255,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2081","last_page":"2084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8275824189186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6818190217018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6796954870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5716713070869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5149622559547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.48098695278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4585625231266022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4495745897293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4471728801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.443391889333725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3460575044155121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.2835310399532318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26164841651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2576707601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22822439670562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20385080575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19731980562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.18096226453781128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8275824189186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6818190217018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6796954870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5716713070869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5149622559547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.48098695278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4585625231266022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4495745897293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4471728801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.443391889333725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3460575044155121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.2835310399532318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26164841651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2576707601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22822439670562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20385080575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19731980562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.18096226453781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4960025","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:18205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/18205/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.6174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.6174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.systems.caltech.edu/EE/Groups/dsp/ppv/papers/conference08post/icassp09/ICASSP09ReUploadPiya.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1599703818","https://openalex.org/W2038552489","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2078412653","https://openalex.org/W2103170356","https://openalex.org/W2107975744","https://openalex.org/W2109316322","https://openalex.org/W2131127292","https://openalex.org/W2144424618","https://openalex.org/W2156933607","https://openalex.org/W2161388130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W2387599608","https://openalex.org/W2134293600","https://openalex.org/W2098014284","https://openalex.org/W3013692990","https://openalex.org/W2363346776","https://openalex.org/W3048566321","https://openalex.org/W1535656751","https://openalex.org/W2283492441","https://openalex.org/W2055107959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"invariant":[1,42,52,67,86,126],"beamforming":[2,53,60],"with":[3,27],"sensor":[4],"arrays":[5],"is":[6,37,55,136,142],"generally":[7],"achieved":[8],"using":[9,45,128],"filters":[10],"in":[11,61,115],"the":[12,28,31,62,70,81,84,90,110,123,146],"form":[13],"of":[14,30,73,83,92,102,109,121],"tapped":[15],"delay-lines":[16],"following":[17],"each":[18],"sensor.":[19],"However":[20],"it":[21,36],"has":[22],"been":[23],"recently":[24],"shown":[25],"that":[26],"help":[29],"rectangular":[32,100],"smart":[33],"antenna":[34],"array,":[35],"possible":[38],"to":[39,57,144],"generate":[40],"frequency":[41,51,66,85,125],"beampattern":[43],"without":[44],"filters.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,50],"paper,":[49],"technique":[54],"utilized":[56],"perform":[58],"MVDR":[59],"beamspace":[63],"by":[64],"designing":[65],"beams":[68],"spanning":[69],"desired":[71],"range":[72],"azimuthal":[74],"angles":[75],"and":[76,132,138],"optimally":[77],"combining":[78],"them.":[79],"However,":[80],"performance":[82],"beamformer":[87],"depends":[88],"on":[89],"number":[91],"sensors":[93],"which":[94],"could":[95],"be":[96],"large":[97],"for":[98],"a":[99,118,139],"array":[101,112],"size":[103],"M":[104,130],"times":[105],"N.":[106],"Making":[107],"use":[108],"virtual":[111],"concept":[113],"used":[114],"MIMO":[116],"radar,":[117],"novel":[119],"method":[120],"producing":[122],"same":[124],"beam,":[127],"only":[129],"transmitting":[131],"N":[133],"receiving":[134],"antennas,":[135],"proposed":[137],"design":[140],"example":[141],"provided":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"idea.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
