{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100649282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","title":"Two-directional two-dimensional discriminant locality preserving projections for image recognition","display_name":"Two-directional two-dimensional discriminant locality preserving projections for image recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100649282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","mag":"2100649282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460385","display_name":"Jiwen Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-5529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwen Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103379503","display_name":"Yap\u2010Peng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0645-9109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yap-Peng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60618255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1753","last_page":"1756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.8554248213768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7128861546516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.7084612250328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7048498392105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.5998129844665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.5648892521858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.553810715675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5112855434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row","display_name":"Row","score":0.5103344321250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48474451899528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4783334732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-and-column-spaces","display_name":"Row and column spaces","score":0.4465588331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4410059154033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43364274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.42320147156715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4171465039253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11436879634857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.05638623237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.055678367614746094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.8554248213768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7128861546516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7084612250328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7048498392105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.5998129844665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.5648892521858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.553810715675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5112855434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135598885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366302","display_name":"Row","level":2,"score":0.5103344321250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48474451899528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4783334732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104140500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088159","display_name":"Row and column spaces","level":3,"score":0.4465588331222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4410059154033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43364274501800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.42320147156715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4171465039253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11436879634857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05638623237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.055678367614746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W384497013","https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1989765576","https://openalex.org/W2056912994","https://openalex.org/W2070110734","https://openalex.org/W2095469431","https://openalex.org/W2098461404","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2106094637","https://openalex.org/W2114214092","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2126461877","https://openalex.org/W3112293456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313440505","https://openalex.org/W3123744736","https://openalex.org/W2137691148","https://openalex.org/W1505848319","https://openalex.org/W4281399881","https://openalex.org/W3166006430","https://openalex.org/W4281971614","https://openalex.org/W2049180840","https://openalex.org/W1992086467","https://openalex.org/W3121299875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"in":[2,40,58,68],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"an":[5,48],"improved":[6],"manifold":[7],"learning":[8],"method":[9,25,79],"called":[10],"two-directional":[11],"two-dimensional":[12,27],"discriminant":[13,28,66],"locality":[14,29],"preserving":[15,30],"projections,":[16],"(2D)2-DLPP,":[17],"for":[18,80],"efficient":[19,81],"image":[20,82,93],"recognition.":[21],"As":[22],"the":[23,36,41,56,59,62,70,73,77,96,99],"existing":[24],"of":[26,43,55,98],"projections":[31],"(2D-DLPP)":[32],"mainly":[33],"relies":[34],"upon":[35],"local":[37,63],"structure":[38,64],"information":[39,57,67],"rows":[42,71],"images,":[44],"we":[45,75],"first":[46],"derive":[47],"alternative":[49],"2D-DLPP":[50],"algorithm":[51],"that":[52],"makes":[53],"use":[54],"columns.":[60],"Exploiting":[61],"and":[65,72,85],"both":[69],"columns,":[74],"develop":[76],"(2D)2-DLPP":[78],"feature":[83],"extraction":[84],"dimensionality":[86],"reduction.":[87],"Experimental":[88],"results":[89],"on":[90],"two":[91],"benchmark":[92],"datasets":[94],"show":[95],"effectiveness":[97],"proposed":[100],"method.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}