{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105302551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","title":"Connecting spectral and spring methods for manifold learning","display_name":"Connecting spectral and spring methods for manifold learning","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105302551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","mag":"2105302551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102132389","display_name":"Shannon M. Hughes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shannon M. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041274293","display_name":"Peter J. Ramadge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Ramadge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102132389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13482614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"260","issue":null,"first_page":"1565","last_page":"1568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086792349815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-map","display_name":"Diffusion map","score":0.6070031523704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.5819739699363708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.5638071894645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.5623888969421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.5512264966964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5255913734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5230463743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5192822813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.4727374315261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4680499732494354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4585537314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring","display_name":"Spring (device)","score":0.43068206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41011959314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30267101526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1937204897403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.14628639817237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1088864803314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09301832318305969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086792349815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55128770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275440","display_name":"Diffusion map","level":4,"score":0.6070031523704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.5819739699363708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.5638071894645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5623888969421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.5512264966964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5255913734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5230463743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5192822813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.4727374315261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4680499732494354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4585537314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.43068206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41011959314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30267101526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1937204897403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.14628639817237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1088864803314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09301832318305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2009.4959896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2029706109","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2077776048","https://openalex.org/W2083479198","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2156838815","https://openalex.org/W3013880646","https://openalex.org/W4213367101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385810342","https://openalex.org/W117517268","https://openalex.org/W3100478695","https://openalex.org/W2362829263","https://openalex.org/W2362377451","https://openalex.org/W3159953198","https://openalex.org/W49725993","https://openalex.org/W2383239174","https://openalex.org/W2405301952","https://openalex.org/W2013051270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diffusion":[0,38,117,142,166],"Maps":[1,39,118,167],"(DiffMaps)":[2],"has":[3,22,74],"recently":[4],"provided":[5],"a":[6,61,75,94,107,149],"general":[7],"framework":[8],"that":[9,72,88,111,151],"unites":[10],"many":[11],"other":[12],"spectral":[13],"manifold":[14,33],"learning":[15,34],"algorithms,":[16],"including":[17,120],"Laplacian":[18],"Eigenmaps,":[19],"and":[20,29,45,67,129,144],"it":[21,78],"become":[23],"one":[24],"of":[25,82,93,106,109,131],"the":[26,80,90,103,116,139,165],"most":[27],"successful":[28],"popular":[30],"frameworks":[31],"for":[32],"to":[35,52,122,126,137,147,158],"date.":[36],"However,":[37],"still":[40],"often":[41],"creates":[42],"unnecessary":[43],"distortions,":[44],"its":[46],"performance":[47],"varies":[48],"widely":[49],"in":[50,85,115,164],"response":[51],"parameter":[53],"value":[54],"changes.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57,99],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,101],"draw":[60],"previously":[62],"unnoticed":[63],"connection":[64,140],"between":[65,141],"DiffMaps":[66,73],"spring-motivated":[68],"methods.":[69],"We":[70,133],"show":[71,135],"physical":[76],"interpretation:":[77],"finds":[79],"arrangement":[81],"high-dimensional":[83],"objects":[84],"low-dimensional":[86],"space":[87],"minimizes":[89],"elastic":[91],"energy":[92],"particular":[95],"spring":[96,145],"network.":[97],"Within":[98],"interpretation,":[100],"recognize":[102],"root":[104],"cause":[105],"variety":[108],"problems":[110],"are":[112],"commonly":[113,161],"observed":[114,162],"output,":[119],"sensitivity":[121,125],"user-specified":[123],"parameters,":[124],"sampling":[127],"density,":[128],"distortion":[130],"boundaries.":[132],"then":[134],"how":[136],"exploit":[138],"Map":[143],"criteria":[146],"create":[148],"method":[150],"can":[152],"be":[153],"efficiently":[154],"applied":[155],"post":[156],"hoc":[157],"alleviate":[159],"these":[160],"deficiencies":[163],"output.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}