{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110540446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","title":"Quick fmllr for speaker adaptation in speech recognition","display_name":"Quick fmllr for speaker adaptation in speech recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110540446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","mag":"2110540446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167542","display_name":"Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114118962","display_name":"Balakrishnan Varadarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balakrishnan Varadarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University, baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084286453","display_name":"Daniel Povey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Povey","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","IBM T.J. Watson Research Center  Yorktown Heights New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center  Yorktown Heights New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113805086","display_name":"Stephen M. Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","IBM T.J. Watson Research Center  Yorktown Heights New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center  Yorktown Heights New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4297","last_page":"4300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7805352807044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7524116039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.7241075038909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6928106546401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.6344066262245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.5807426571846008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5720850825309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5238466262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.439212441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-diarisation","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","score":0.42391955852508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4136131703853607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19928213953971863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7805352807044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7524116039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.7241075038909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6928106546401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6344066262245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.5807426571846008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5720850825309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5238466262817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.439212441444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149838564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574248","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","level":3,"score":0.42391955852508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4136131703853607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19928213953971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167542","display_name":"Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.167.4669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.167.4669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/people/balakris/pubs/icassp08_fmllr.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72757270","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2104663520","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2121981798","https://openalex.org/W2167133962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2206035908","https://openalex.org/W2149220986","https://openalex.org/W4247736853","https://openalex.org/W1992908141","https://openalex.org/W2162158162","https://openalex.org/W1493012537","https://openalex.org/W1999004162","https://openalex.org/W4245698648","https://openalex.org/W2125642021","https://openalex.org/W1521049138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"space":[1],"maximum":[2],"likelihood":[3,98],"linear":[4],"regression":[5],"(fMLLR)":[6],"is":[7,72,107],"a":[8,45,75,85,118],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"technique":[11],"for":[12,34,58],"speaker":[13],"adaptation":[14,36,64,100],"in":[15,20,54,74,93],"HMM-based":[16],"speech":[17,79],"recognition.":[18],"However,":[19],"extremely":[21],"resource":[22],"constrained":[23],"systems":[24],"the":[25,30,55,63,96,102,112,121],"time":[26,56],"required":[27],"to":[28,51],"perform":[29],"sufficient":[31],"statistics":[32,59],"accumulation":[33,60],"fMLLR":[35,69,116],"can":[37,49],"be":[38],"considerable.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper":[42],"we":[43],"describe":[44],"novel":[46],"method":[47],"that":[48,109],"lead":[50],"significant":[52],"reduction":[53],"taken":[57],"while":[61],"preserving":[62],"gains.":[65],"The":[66],"proposed":[67],"quick":[68],"(Q-fMLLR)":[70],"algorithm":[71],"implemented":[73],"state-of-the-art":[76],"large-vocabulary":[77],"continuous":[78],"recognition":[80],"system,":[81],"and":[82,101],"evaluated":[83],"on":[84],"broadcast":[86],"transcription":[87],"task.":[88],"We":[89],"present":[90],"results":[91],"both":[92],"terms":[94],"of":[95,114,120],"average":[97],"after":[99],"character":[103],"error":[104],"rate.":[105],"It":[106],"shown":[108],"Q-fMLLR":[110],"attains":[111],"performance":[113],"regular":[115],"with":[117],"fraction":[119],"computation.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
