{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116215709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","title":"Target-oriented phone tokenizers for spoken language recognition","display_name":"Target-oriented phone tokenizers for spoken language recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116215709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","mag":"2116215709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167542","display_name":"Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055221016","display_name":"Rong Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-8354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749735","display_name":"Bin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070872826","display_name":"Eng Siong Chng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Siong Chng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94221438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4221","last_page":"4224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.9232853651046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8624266982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8405637741088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6491358280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5717406868934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4662230312824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4508783221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.42758649587631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3487945795059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.083793044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07215115427970886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.9232853651046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8624266982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8405637741088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6491358280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5717406868934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4662230312824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4508783221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.42758649587631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3487945795059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.083793044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07215115427970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2008.4518586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167542","display_name":"Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.563.8748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.563.8748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ASESChng/SpeechTechWeb/members/TongRongWeb/papers/ICASSP2008_tongrong.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154262204","https://openalex.org/W2045801524","https://openalex.org/W2100546383","https://openalex.org/W2106284094","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2134815611","https://openalex.org/W2164788091","https://openalex.org/W2169802111","https://openalex.org/W2172287020","https://openalex.org/W2395026694","https://openalex.org/W4302458905","https://openalex.org/W6679925376","https://openalex.org/W6711824575","https://openalex.org/W6845844910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061937230","https://openalex.org/W1566315437","https://openalex.org/W2594897229","https://openalex.org/W2151348424","https://openalex.org/W4221142855","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W2129812225","https://openalex.org/W4290708361","https://openalex.org/W2523799048","https://openalex.org/W2155620340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17,25,39,45],"new":[4],"strategy":[5,82],"for":[6,12,33,70,115],"designing":[7],"the":[8,47,57,77,80,84,87,107],"parallel":[9,20,59,88],"phone":[10,21,31,41,51,60,89],"recognizers":[11],"spoken":[13],"language":[14,36],"recognition.":[15],"Given":[16],"collection":[18,48],"of":[19,27,49,79,86,102],"recognizers,":[22],"we":[23],"select":[24],"subset":[26],"phones":[28],"from":[29],"each":[30,34],"recognizer":[32,90],"target":[35],"to":[37],"construct":[38],"target-oriented":[40,50],"tokenizer":[42],"(TOPT).":[43],"As":[44],"result,":[46],"tokenizers":[52],"is":[53],"more":[54],"effective":[55],"than":[56],"original":[58],"recognizers.":[61],"approach":[63],"improves":[64],"system":[65],"performance":[66],"significantly":[67],"without":[68],"requesting":[69],"additional":[71],"transcribed":[72],"training":[73],"samples.":[74],"We":[75,99],"validate":[76],"effectiveness":[78],"proposed":[81],"within":[83],"framework":[85],"followed":[91],"by":[92],"vector":[93],"space":[94],"modeling":[95],"backend,":[96],"or":[97],"PPR-VSM.":[98],"achieve":[100],"equal-error-rate":[101],"2.21%":[103],"and":[104,109],"3.65%":[105],"on":[106],"2003":[108],"2005":[110],"NIST":[111],"LRE":[112],"databases,":[113],"respectively,":[114],"30-second":[116],"trials.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}