{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125458145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","title":"The Role of Dynamic Features in Text-Dependent and -Independent Speaker Verification","display_name":"The Role of Dynamic Features in Text-Dependent and -Independent Speaker Verification","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125458145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","mag":"2125458145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speed and Signal Processing Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414092","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-5940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham, UK. y.liu@bham.ac.uk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham, UK. y.liu@bham.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079477816","display_name":"Martin Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-4961"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","Dept. of Electron. Electr. & Comput. Eng., Birmingham Univ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Electr. & Comput. Eng., Birmingham Univ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011512061","display_name":"Michael J. Carey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-4059"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Carey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","Dept. of Electron. Electr. & Comput. Eng., Birmingham Univ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Binningham, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Electr. & Comput. Eng., Birmingham Univ","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100414092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75254739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.9336591362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7807793617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6670840978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.572826623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.5623971223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4872376024723053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.48499414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.46738067269325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46311914920806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42168042063713074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.9336591362953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7807793617248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6670840978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.572826623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.5623971223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4872376024723053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.48499414324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.46738067269325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46311914920806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42168042063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2006.1660109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speed and Signal Processing Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88081813","https://openalex.org/W174669002","https://openalex.org/W1998362482","https://openalex.org/W2149122436","https://openalex.org/W2399034162","https://openalex.org/W2407820345","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W6607140380","https://openalex.org/W6712053837","https://openalex.org/W6713722265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4324119469","https://openalex.org/W2164868312","https://openalex.org/W2372178361","https://openalex.org/W2160650576","https://openalex.org/W2383388535","https://openalex.org/W1197719229","https://openalex.org/W2381158726","https://openalex.org/W4235705411","https://openalex.org/W1992796048","https://openalex.org/W1516392727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"segmental":[1,55,90],"hidden":[2,8],"Markov":[3,9],"model":[4,10,91,112,134],"(SHMM)":[5],"is":[6,35,132],"a":[7,53,82,94,108,129],"(HMM)":[11],"whose":[12],"states":[13],"are":[14,76],"associated":[15],"with":[16,93],"sequences":[17],"of":[18,43,52,128,143],"acoustic":[19],"feature":[20],"vectors":[21],"(or":[22],"segments),":[23],"rather":[24],"than":[25],"individual":[26],"vectors.":[27],"By":[28],"treating":[29],"segments":[30],"as":[31],"homogeneous":[32],"units":[33],"it":[34],"possible,":[36],"for":[37,57],"example,":[38],"to":[39,107,119,133],"develop":[40],"better":[41],"models":[42],"speech":[44],"dynamics.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"considers":[48],"the":[49,89,98,126,141],"potential":[50],"benefits":[51],"trajectory-based":[54],"HMM":[56],"speaker":[58,61,70],"recognition.":[59],"Text-dependent":[60],"verification":[62,71],"(TD-SV)":[63],"results":[64,73,80,100],"obtained":[65],"on":[66,74,140],"YOHO":[67,79],"and":[68,137],"text-independent":[69],"(TI-SV)":[72],"switchboard":[75],"presented.":[77],"The":[78],"show":[81,103],"44%":[83],"reduction":[84],"in":[85,146],"false":[86],"acceptances":[87],"using":[88],"compared":[92],"conventional":[95,109,147],"HMM,":[96],"while":[97],"Switchboard":[99],"do":[101],"not":[102],"any":[104],"improvement":[105],"relative":[106],"Gausian":[110],"mixture":[111],"(GMM)":[113],"system.":[114],"Further":[115],"experiments":[116],"were":[117],"conducted":[118],"explain":[120],"these":[121],"results.":[122],"They":[123],"indicate":[124],"that":[125],"priority":[127],"\"segmental":[130],"GMM\"":[131],"stationary":[135],"regions":[136],"shed":[138],"light":[139],"role":[142],"delta":[144],"parameters":[145],"TI-SV":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
