{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1593591600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","title":"Predicting Formant Frequencies from MFCC Vectors","display_name":"Predicting Formant Frequencies from MFCC Vectors","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1593591600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","mag":"1593591600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063817485","display_name":"Jonathan Darch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-9041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169768744","display_name":"Norwich University","ror":"https://ror.org/04we7d902","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Darch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102850641","display_name":"Ben Milner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-3475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169768744","display_name":"Norwich University","ror":"https://ror.org/04we7d902","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Milner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110379443","display_name":"Xu Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169768744","display_name":"Norwich University","ror":"https://ror.org/04we7d902","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anzlia, Norwich, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Sch. of Comput. Sci., East Anglia Univ., Norwich, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169768744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109547430","display_name":"Saeed V. Vaseghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Vaseghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K","[Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064860911","display_name":"Yan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-9022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electronic and Computing Engineering, Brunel University, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86755212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"941","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.9649440050125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.9260451793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6677464842796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6171325445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5656757950782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4748295247554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.42158856987953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.42026591300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.416703462600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35210996866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.29734960198402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2567939758300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.119436115026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.04961231350898743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.9649440050125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.9260451793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6677464842796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6171325445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5656757950782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4748295247554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.42158856987953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.42026591300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.416703462600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35210996866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.29734960198402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2567939758300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.119436115026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.04961231350898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2005.1415270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:22474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/22474/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.63.5196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.5196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~xu/download/sx_icassp_05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59009386","https://openalex.org/W1543669765","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1563527684","https://openalex.org/W2109247442","https://openalex.org/W2137075158","https://openalex.org/W2161269086","https://openalex.org/W6676376841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368661496","https://openalex.org/W1593591600","https://openalex.org/W2380156283","https://openalex.org/W2085241361","https://openalex.org/W2018337942","https://openalex.org/W2137133401","https://openalex.org/W2394579548","https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W2005300405","https://openalex.org/W1980297060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,11,34,49,78],"novel":[4],"method":[5,58,76],"of":[6,13,28,81,107],"predicting":[7],"formant":[8,31,102,109],"frequencies":[9,32,103],"from":[10,61,84],"stream":[12],"mel-frequency":[14],"cepstral":[15],"coefficients":[16],"(MFCC)":[17],"feature":[18],"vectors.":[19],"Prediction":[20],"is":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23],"modelling":[24],"the":[25,62,69,74,92],"joint":[26],"density":[27],"MFCCs":[29],"and":[30,42,98],"using":[33,91],"Gaussian":[35],"mixture":[36],"model":[37],"(GMM).":[38],"Using":[39],"this":[40],"GMM":[41],"an":[43],"input":[44,70],"MFCC":[45,71],"vector,":[46,72],"two":[47],"maximum":[48],"posteriori":[50],"(MAP)":[51],"prediction":[52],"methods":[53],"are":[54,89,104],"developed.":[55],"The":[56],"first":[57],"predicts":[59],"formants":[60,82],"closest,":[63],"in":[64],"some":[65],"sense,":[66],"cluster":[67],"to":[68],"while":[73],"second":[75],"takes":[77],"weighted":[79],"contribution":[80],"predicted":[83,101],"all":[85],"clusters.":[86],"Experimental":[87],"results":[88],"presented":[90],"ETSI":[93],"Aurora":[94],"connected":[95],"digit":[96],"database":[97],"show":[99],"that":[100],"within":[105],"3.2%":[106],"reference":[108],"frequencies.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
