{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103687670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","title":"Phase autocorrelation (PAC) features in entropy based multi-stream for robust speech recognition","display_name":"Phase autocorrelation (PAC) features in entropy based multi-stream for robust speech recognition","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103687670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","mag":"2103687670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82990","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053319645","display_name":"Shajith Ikbal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ikbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017720802","display_name":"Hemant Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108291827","display_name":"H. Bourlard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Bourlard","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042260050","display_name":"Hynek He\u0159mansk\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-4811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Hermansky","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7878883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7430405616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7136809229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6699165105819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5384423732757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5244477391242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.49950623512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.390755295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15191876888275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09624156355857849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7430405616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7136809229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6699165105819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5384423732757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5244477391242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.49950623512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.390755295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15191876888275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09624156355857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2004.1325958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.7316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.7316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.idiap.ch/~ikbal/LATEST/PUB/ikbal_pac_ent_comb_icassp04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:83084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/83084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204308143","https://openalex.org/W1493299544","https://openalex.org/W1553004968","https://openalex.org/W1592386823","https://openalex.org/W1974387177","https://openalex.org/W1984746632","https://openalex.org/W2090861223","https://openalex.org/W2103621378","https://openalex.org/W2115477141","https://openalex.org/W2128653836","https://openalex.org/W2137075158","https://openalex.org/W2166055581","https://openalex.org/W6608245754","https://openalex.org/W6632891567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W747394405","https://openalex.org/W1987236514","https://openalex.org/W174653542","https://openalex.org/W2381153750","https://openalex.org/W2088220880","https://openalex.org/W2041235277","https://openalex.org/W3121354342","https://openalex.org/W2060952610","https://openalex.org/W2391377755","https://openalex.org/W2007639619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"to":[1,54,91],"improve":[2],"noise":[3,45,116],"robustness":[4],"of":[5,13,79],"speech":[6,67],"recognition":[7,14,127],"systems":[8],"often":[9],"result":[10],"in":[11,44,69,129],"degradation":[12],"performance":[15,128],"for":[16,143],"clean":[17],"speech.":[18],"Recently":[19],"proposed":[20],"phase":[21],"autocorrelation":[22],"(PAC)":[23],"based":[24,62],"features":[25,63,68],"(S.":[26],"Ikbal":[27],"et":[28,101],"al.,":[29,102],"Proc.":[30,34,103],"ICASSP-03,":[31,104],"p.II-133-6,":[32],"2003;":[33],"IEEE":[35],"ASRU":[36],"2003":[37],"Workshop,":[38],"2003),":[39],"while":[40],"showing":[41],"noticeable":[42],"improvement":[43],"robustness,":[46],"also":[47],"suffer":[48],"from":[49,94],"this":[50,56],"drawback.":[51],"We":[52],"try":[53],"alleviate":[55],"problem":[57],"by":[58],"using":[59],"the":[60,77,80,124,133,139,145],"PAC":[61],"along":[64],"with":[65],"regular":[66],"a":[70,88,121],"multi-stream":[71,74],"framework.":[72],"The":[73],"system":[75,122],"uses":[76],"entropy":[78],"posterior":[81],"probability":[82],"distribution,":[83],"computed":[84],"during":[85],"recognition,":[86],"as":[87],"confidence":[89],"measure":[90],"combine":[92],"evidence":[93],"different":[95],"feature":[96],"streams":[97],"adaptively":[98],"(Misra,":[99],"H.":[100],"p.II-741-4,":[105],"2003).":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"obtained":[109],"on":[110],"OGI":[111],"Numbers95":[112],"database":[113,117],"and":[114],"Noisex92":[115],"show":[118],"that":[119],"such":[120],"yields":[123],"best":[125,140],"possible":[126],"all":[130,144],"conditions.":[131,146],"Actually,":[132],"combination":[134],"always":[135],"performs":[136],"better":[137],"than":[138],"performing":[141],"stream":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}