{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145233332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","title":"An ultra low power, ultra miniature voice command system based on Hidden Markov Models","display_name":"An ultra low power, ultra miniature voice command system based on Hidden Markov Models","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145233332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","mag":"2145233332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110209865","display_name":"Etienne Cornu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Etienne Cornu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058083888","display_name":"Nicolas Destrez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Destrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014668907","display_name":"Alain Dufaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1867-4619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Dufaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090489682","display_name":"Hamid Sheikhzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-4165"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Sheikhzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022657745","display_name":"Robert L. Brennan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Limited, Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dspfactory Ltd., 80 King Street South, Suite 206, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2J IP5","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110209865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70658683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"IV","last_page":"3800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.783155083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.7233012914657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6265296936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5043517351150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3829517066478729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.17053267359733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09582215547561646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.783155083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.7233012914657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265296936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5043517351150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3829517066478729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.17053267359733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09582215547561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.224.53","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.224.53","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/ICASSP2002_VoiceComm.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930823865","https://openalex.org/W2150022510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2136763963","https://openalex.org/W2109705048","https://openalex.org/W2940588515","https://openalex.org/W1909151225","https://openalex.org/W1987783679","https://openalex.org/W2160030256","https://openalex.org/W1521297879","https://openalex.org/W4253235840","https://openalex.org/W3151937861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,97],"real-time":[1],"HMM-based":[2],"isolated":[3],"word":[4],"recognition":[5],"system":[6,18,98],"is":[7,28,60],"implemented":[8],"on":[9],"an":[10,77],"ultra":[11],"low-power":[12],"miniature":[13],"DSP":[14,17,75],"system.":[15],"The":[16,50],"consumes":[19],"less":[20,25],"than":[21,26,112],"1":[22,47],"milliWatt,":[23],"much":[24],"what":[27],"considered":[29],"today":[30],"as":[31],"\u201clow-resource\u201d.":[32],"It":[33],"has":[34],"a":[35,42,87,101,107],"very":[36],"small":[37],"footprint":[38],"and":[39,55,86,94],"requires":[40],"only":[41],"single":[43],"hearing":[44],"aid":[45],"sized":[46],"volt":[48],"battery.":[49],"efficient":[51],"implementation":[52],"of":[53,65,82,103,110],"HMM":[54],"MFCC":[56],"feature":[57],"extraction":[58],"algorithms":[59],"accomplished":[61],"through":[62],"the":[63,74],"use":[64],"three":[66],"processing":[67],"units":[68],"running":[69],"concurrently.":[70],"In":[71],"addition":[72],"to":[73],"core,":[76],"input/output":[78],"processor":[79],"creates":[80],"frames":[81],"input":[83],"speech":[84],"signals,":[85],"WOLA":[88],"fi1terbank":[89],"unit":[90],"performs":[91],"windowing,":[92],"FFT":[93],"vector":[95],"multiplications.":[96],"evaluation":[99],"using":[100],"vocabulary":[102],"18":[104],"words":[105],"shows":[106],"success":[108],"rate":[109],"more":[111],"99%.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
