{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052877194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","title":"Numerical recognition of unconstrained handwriting","display_name":"Numerical recognition of unconstrained handwriting","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052877194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","mag":"2052877194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110282132","display_name":"Shashank Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Mathur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059749243","display_name":"R. Munkong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Munkong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015473543","display_name":"Celeste Mason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engr., Stanford University, CA 94305-9505, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106134979","display_name":"Mark Yeary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yeary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","Dept. of Elec. Engr., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engr., Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3128, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047276329","display_name":"Jennifer Q. Trelewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Q. Trelewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA","IBM Almaden Res. Ctr., 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Res. Ctr., 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110282132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13414634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"IV","last_page":"3744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.8883752226829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049301862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6364918947219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.6158721446990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5683505535125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.552956759929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5217103362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46876853704452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.432958722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4327145516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2611842155456543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.8883752226829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049301862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6364918947219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.6158721446990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5683505535125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.552956759929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5314795970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5217103362083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46876853704452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.432958722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4327145516872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2611842155456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933570598","https://openalex.org/W2002096058","https://openalex.org/W2002730082","https://openalex.org/W2015469690","https://openalex.org/W2046485094","https://openalex.org/W2058652897","https://openalex.org/W2114335942","https://openalex.org/W2116765916","https://openalex.org/W2130259898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W1644732402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,57],"paper":[1,58],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,42,76],"collaboration":[4],"of":[5,69],"three":[6],"numeral":[7,44],"recognition":[8],"techniques":[9],"that":[10,50,60],"will":[11,37],"detect":[12],"unconstrained":[13],"handwritten":[14],"numerals.":[15],"Our":[16],"research":[17],"focuses":[18],"on":[19],"a":[20,23,28,46,54,66],"feature-based":[21],"approach,":[22],"method":[24,63],"using":[25,32],"eigenimages,":[26],"and":[27,45,73],"structural":[29],"analysis":[30],"approach":[31],"wavelet":[33],"transforms.":[34],"These":[35],"approaches":[36],"generate":[38],"an":[39],"estimate":[40],"for":[41],"input":[43],"corresponding":[47],"confidence":[48],"value":[49],"in":[51],"combination,":[52],"yield":[53],"final":[55],"decision.":[56],"shows":[59],"each":[61],"individual":[62],"performs":[64],"with":[65],"detection":[67,77,79],"rate":[68],"better":[70],"than":[71],"80%,":[72],"by":[74],"combining":[75],"strategies,":[78],"rates":[80],"up":[81],"to":[82],"94%":[83],"are":[84],"observed.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
