{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983168462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","title":"Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early detection of breast cancer","display_name":"Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early detection of breast cancer","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983168462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","mag":"1983168462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Essex J. Bond","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Essex J. Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342435","display_name":"Xu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057049359","display_name":"Susan C. Hagness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan C. Hagness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111747390","display_name":"B.D. Van Veen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry D. Van Veen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85714286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"2909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.8178110122680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7598066926002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.6883411407470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5533643364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5298582911491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5194872617721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.48720067739486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.46728548407554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4515593647956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.40477049350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3576326072216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3563464879989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3186079263687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3119070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.2102522850036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12117022275924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11045277118682861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.8178110122680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7598066926002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.6883411407470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5533643364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5298582911491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5194872617721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.48720067739486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46728548407554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4515593647956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.40477049350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3576326072216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3563464879989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3186079263687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3119070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2102522850036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12117022275924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11045277118682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.123.7690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.7690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://uwcem.ece.wisc.edu/pdf/bond_ieee_tbme_aug2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032004175","https://openalex.org/W2081687897","https://openalex.org/W2107968935","https://openalex.org/W2124426561","https://openalex.org/W2150274370","https://openalex.org/W2161663864","https://openalex.org/W2171188457","https://openalex.org/W4240491342","https://openalex.org/W6646098251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W4394861761","https://openalex.org/W1977371217","https://openalex.org/W2035264131","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W1925461966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"backscatter-based":[1],"microwave":[2],"imaging":[3],"technique":[4],"that":[5,50],"compensates":[6],"for":[7,13],"frequency-dependent":[8],"propagation":[9],"effects":[10],"is":[11,22,34,51,95],"proposed":[12],"detecting":[14],"early-stage":[15],"breast":[16,29,109,125],"cancer.":[17],"An":[18],"array":[19],"of":[20,27,61,66,92,123],"antennas":[21],"located":[23],"near":[24],"the":[25,28,67,88,119,124,130],"surface":[26],"and":[30,73],"an":[31,103],"ultrawideband":[32],"pulse":[33],"transmitted":[35],"sequentially":[36],"from":[37,102],"each":[38],"antenna.":[39],"The":[40,90],"received":[41],"backscattered":[42,55,99],"signals":[43,100],"are":[44,81,126],"passed":[45],"through":[46],"a":[47,59,64],"space-time":[48],"beamformer":[49],"designed":[52],"to":[53,78],"image":[54],"signal":[56],"energy":[57,85],"as":[58],"function":[60],"location.":[62],"As":[63],"consequence":[65],"significant":[68],"dielectric-properties":[69],"contrast":[70],"between":[71],"normal":[72],"malignant":[74,79,115],"tissue,":[75],"locations":[76],"corresponding":[77],"tumors":[80,116],"associated":[82],"with":[83],"large":[84],"levels":[86],"in":[87],"image.":[89],"effectiveness":[91],"these":[93],"algorithms":[94],"demonstrated":[96],"using":[97],"simulated":[98],"obtained":[101],"anatomically":[104],"realistic":[105],"MRI-derived":[106],"computational":[107],"electromagnetic":[108],"model.":[110],"Very":[111],"small":[112],"(2":[113],"mm)":[114],"embedded":[117],"within":[118],"complex":[120],"fibroglandular":[121],"structure":[122],"easily":[127],"detected":[128],"above":[129],"background":[131],"clutter.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}