{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994048345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","title":"Cramér-Rao Lower bound for geolocation in non-line-of-sight environment","display_name":"Cramér-Rao Lower bound for geolocation in non-line-of-sight environment","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994048345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","mag":"1994048345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046347508","display_name":"Yihong Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-5046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, NJ 08544-5263, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, NJ 08544-5263, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103605482","display_name":"Hisashi Kobayashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisashi Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, NJ 08544-5263, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, NJ 08544-5263, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046347508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94718884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"2473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9937229752540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.9901463985443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7854526042938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6598260998725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5342974066734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5303887724876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.43081605434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3898622691631317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2534472346305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1900901198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11913314461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11293157935142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.0884888768196106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9937229752540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.9901463985443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7854526042938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6598260998725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5342974066734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5303887724876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.43081605434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3898622691631317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2534472346305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1900901198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11913314461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11293157935142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.0884888768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5745148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1525082254","https://openalex.org/W1532241036","https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1895547509","https://openalex.org/W2025889192","https://openalex.org/W2098864112","https://openalex.org/W2155771977","https://openalex.org/W6631955981","https://openalex.org/W6639655280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250237313","https://openalex.org/W1994048345","https://openalex.org/W2539771124","https://openalex.org/W2059816400","https://openalex.org/W2028707555","https://openalex.org/W2790822259","https://openalex.org/W2041821984","https://openalex.org/W2056956967","https://openalex.org/W2125440076","https://openalex.org/W2167303690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geolocation":[0],"in":[1,10,19,35],"an":[2,7],"non-line-of-sight":[3],"(NLOS)":[4],"environment":[5,38],"is":[6,30,64],"important":[8],"issue":[9],"wireless":[11],"communications.":[12],"Several":[13],"empirical":[14],"approaches":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17],"proposed":[18],"recent":[20],"years.":[21],"However,":[22],"two":[23],"fundamental":[24],"questions":[25],"still":[26],"remain":[27],"unanswered:":[28],"what":[29],"the":[31,36,53,68],"achievable":[32],"geolocation":[33,85],"accuracy":[34],"NLOS":[37,59,84],"and":[39,66],"how":[40],"to":[41,76,80],"attain":[42],"it.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,62],"derive":[48],"a":[49],"closed-form":[50],"expression":[51],"of":[52,83],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[54],"Lower":[55],"bound":[56],"(CRLB)":[57],"for":[58],"geolocation,":[60],"which":[61],"believe":[63],"new":[65],"answers":[67],"first":[69],"question.":[70],"Its":[71],"physical":[72],"interpretation":[73],"turns":[74],"out":[75],"be":[77],"very":[78],"helpful":[79],"better":[81],"understanding":[82],"mechanism.":[86],"We":[87],"discuss":[88],"some":[89],"numerical":[90],"examples":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"simulation":[94],"experiments.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}