{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063683727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","title":"The synthesis unit generation algorithm for Mandarin TTS","display_name":"The synthesis unit generation algorithm for Mandarin TTS","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063683727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","mag":"2063683727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016301887","display_name":"Shaw\u2010Hwa Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaw-Hwa Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010564303","display_name":"Cheng-Yu Yei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Yu Yei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11652928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.7665923833847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6734702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5472426414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5212110280990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4377739727497101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14872169494628906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.7665923833847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6734702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5472426414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5212110280990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4377739727497101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14872169494628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914543332","https://openalex.org/W1921546661","https://openalex.org/W2117154365","https://openalex.org/W2144139079","https://openalex.org/W2146307774","https://openalex.org/W2150716994","https://openalex.org/W2160972557","https://openalex.org/W2165994101","https://openalex.org/W2170322281","https://openalex.org/W4299448682","https://openalex.org/W6639998496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2990005675","https://openalex.org/W2374317326","https://openalex.org/W1603321096","https://openalex.org/W2394766824","https://openalex.org/W2078713291","https://openalex.org/W2361574037","https://openalex.org/W2386292991","https://openalex.org/W2364440891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74,85],"\u201csynthesis":[1,22],"unit":[2,23,76,99,115],"generation\u201d":[3,24],"and":[4,15,59,82,95,133,157],"\u201cco-articulation":[5,109],"effect":[6,110],"elimination\u201d":[7,111],"in":[8,17],"Mandarin":[9],"text-to-speech":[10],"system":[11],"will":[12,88,100],"be":[13],"studied":[14],"implemented":[16],"this":[18],"paper.":[19],"In":[20,107],"the":[21,26,34,44,52,57,65,71,79,90,96,108,113,123,141,155],"approach,":[25,112],"segmental":[27,66],"DTW":[28,67],"algorithm":[29],"is":[30,48,119,131,145,151],"employed":[31,49,152],"to":[32,50,69,102,121,135,153],"estimate":[33],"representative":[35],"spectrum":[36,58,158],"template":[37],"from":[38],"a":[39,127],"large":[40,117,128],"speech":[41,92,129],"database.":[42],"Moreover,":[43,126],"listening":[45],"test":[46],"method":[47],"select":[51],"good":[53],"waveform":[54,60,80,86],"template.":[55],"Finally,":[56],"templates":[61],"are":[62],"put":[63],"into":[64],"architecture":[68],"generate":[70,103],"synthesis":[72,75,114,162],"unit.":[73,84],"consists":[77],"of":[78],"data":[81,87],"prosody":[83,98],"make":[89],"synthesized":[91],"sounds":[93],"clear":[94],"embedded":[97],"help":[101],"more":[104],"natural":[105],"speech.":[106],"with":[116],"size":[118],"selected":[120],"alleviate":[122],"co-articulation":[124,138,149],"effect.":[125],"database":[130],"investigated":[132],"analyzed":[134],"infer":[136],"some":[137],"rules.":[139],"Then":[140],"cross-fading":[142],"function":[143],"that":[144],"controlled":[146],"by":[147],"these":[148],"rules":[150],"smoothing":[154],"energy":[156],"between":[159],"each":[160],"two":[161],"units.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}