{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142581382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","title":"Adaptive language models for spoken dialogue systems","display_name":"Adaptive language models for spoken dialogue systems","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142581382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","mag":"2142581382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012020661","display_name":"Roger Argiles Solsona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Argiles Solsona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056667180","display_name":"Eric Fosler\u2010Lussier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Fosler-Lussier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110252428","display_name":"Hong-Kwang Jeff Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Kwang J. Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022918334","display_name":"Alexandras Potamianos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandras Potamianos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108365460","display_name":"Imed Zitouni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imed Zitouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, U.S.A.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8463141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.7313550710678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.7244870066642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.6715406179428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.6661386489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6028538942337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.602013111114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state","display_name":"Finite state","score":0.44882094860076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44878697395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.425438791513443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.4145125150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18526706099510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16077032685279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8463141918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.7313550710678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.7244870066642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.6715406179428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6661386489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6028538942337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.602013111114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983497884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite state","level":3,"score":0.44882094860076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44878697395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.425438791513443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.4145125150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18526706099510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16077032685279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.110.1952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.110.1952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~fosler/papers/icassp2002-adaptlm.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32217939","https://openalex.org/W155109787","https://openalex.org/W189068596","https://openalex.org/W192243657","https://openalex.org/W1527158396","https://openalex.org/W1536731345","https://openalex.org/W1551970896","https://openalex.org/W1607753411","https://openalex.org/W1823613926","https://openalex.org/W1826521293","https://openalex.org/W1904457459","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2125106608","https://openalex.org/W2441154163","https://openalex.org/W6607765286","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W7029744424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532285316","https://openalex.org/W4281261571","https://openalex.org/W4387024110","https://openalex.org/W2535494882","https://openalex.org/W1505369858","https://openalex.org/W1571505340","https://openalex.org/W2932226329","https://openalex.org/W2103029213","https://openalex.org/W4387581576","https://openalex.org/W2132109814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,78],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"both":[5],"generative":[6],"and":[7,21,29,49,66,105],"statistical":[8],"approaches":[9],"for":[10,26,55,62,90,108],"language":[11,43,109],"modeling":[12,30,110],"in":[13,111],"spoken":[14,56],"dialogue":[15,57,92,112],"systems.":[16,58,113],"Semantic":[17],"class-based":[18],"finite":[19,68],"state":[20,69],"n-gram":[22,65],"grammars":[23,54,70],"are":[24,103],"used":[25],"improving":[27],"coverage":[28],"accuracy":[31],"when":[32],"little":[33],"training":[34],"data":[35],"is":[36,75,88],"available.":[37],"We":[38],"have":[39],"implemented":[40],"dialogue-state":[41],"specific":[42],"model":[44],"adaptation":[45],"to":[46],"reduce":[47],"perplexity":[48],"improve":[50],"the":[51],"efficiency":[52],"of":[53,86],"A":[59],"novel":[60],"algorithm":[61],"combining":[63],"state-independent":[64],"state-dependent":[67],"using":[71],"acoustic":[72],"confidence":[73],"scores":[74],"proposed.":[76],"Using":[77],"combination":[79],"strategy,":[80],"a":[81,95],"relative":[82],"word":[83],"error":[84],"reduction":[85],"12%":[87],"achieved":[89],"certain":[91],"states":[93],"within":[94],"travel":[96],"reservation":[97],"task.":[98],"Finally,":[99],"semantic":[100],"class":[101],"multigrams":[102],"proposed":[104],"briefly":[106],"evaluated":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}