{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1913968239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","title":"Feature extraction by spline function for relaxation matching","display_name":"Feature extraction by spline function for relaxation matching","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1913968239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","mag":"1913968239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030535838","display_name":"Iwao Sekita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Sekita","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022777839","display_name":"Kazuo Toraichi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Toraichi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085682375","display_name":"M. Kamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-7439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043504034","display_name":"Ryoichi Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-9620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101628755","display_name":"Kazuhiro Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-6735"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrotechnical Laboratory, M.I.T.I., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrotechnical Laboratory, M.I.T.I., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002511204","display_name":"Hiroyuki YAMADA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-6698"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrotechnical Laboratory, M.I.T.I., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrotechnical Laboratory, M.I.T.I., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030535838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09128914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7475918531417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","score":0.7005894184112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6978430151939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6720425486564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6667275428771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6627734303474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.6545577645301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6077486276626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49490755796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.4348156452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32720836997032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27367979288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.265583872795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08274850249290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07967862486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0634499192237854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7475918531417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581809","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","level":2,"score":0.7005894184112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6978430151939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6720425486564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6667275428771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6627734303474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.6545577645301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6077486276626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49490755796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.4348156452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32720836997032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27367979288101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.265583872795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08274850249290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07967862486839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0634499192237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1987.1169606","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974939198","https://openalex.org/W2162870748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W587735977","https://openalex.org/W1978142926","https://openalex.org/W3157395178","https://openalex.org/W2028768252","https://openalex.org/W2371558776","https://openalex.org/W2045569473","https://openalex.org/W2364426643","https://openalex.org/W4298772817","https://openalex.org/W1482245921","https://openalex.org/W2426618597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,16],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,19,55],"method":[4,17],"of":[5,8,34],"extracting":[6],"features":[7,42],"handwritten":[9,44],"Japanese":[10,45,56],"characters":[11],"by":[12,21,24],"using":[13],"spline":[14],"approximation.":[15],"represents":[18],"character":[20,46,57],"contours":[22],"expressed":[23],"well-approximating":[25],"functions":[26],"and":[27],"steady":[28],"breakpoints":[29],"which":[30],"characterize":[31],"the":[32,35],"connection":[33],"strokes":[36],"so":[37],"that":[38],"it":[39],"provides":[40],"proper":[41],"for":[43],"recognition":[47],"with":[48],"relaxation":[49],"matching.":[50],"Its":[51],"effectiveness":[52],"tested":[53],"on":[54],"database":[58],"is":[59],"also":[60],"shown.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
