{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1863537224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","title":"Stress assignment in letter to sound rules for speech synthesis","display_name":"Stress assignment in letter to sound rules for speech synthesis","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1863537224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","mag":"1863537224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '86. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016543371","display_name":"Kenneth Church","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-6069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Church","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, USA","BELL LABORATORIES"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BELL LABORATORIES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016543371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73363488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"2423","last_page":"2426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etymology","display_name":"Etymology","score":0.8316163420677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.8004451990127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.5824580788612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5709783434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5699435472488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5184414386749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.46351587772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.45307159423828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4211244583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4142255485057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4090527296066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34751832485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33779484033584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27882638573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07062238454818726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193427332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35245","display_name":"Etymology","level":2,"score":0.8316163420677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8004451990127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.5824580788612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5709783434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5699435472488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5184414386749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46351587772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.45307159423828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4211244583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4142255485057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4090527296066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34751832485198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33779484033584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27882638573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07062238454818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1169265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '86. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acl.sr.language-archives.org:P85-1030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P85-1030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402137","display_name":"The COCOON platform (University of Paris)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:3663790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3663790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514241925","https://openalex.org/W2025356739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375336390","https://openalex.org/W2348287487","https://openalex.org/W2360778016","https://openalex.org/W2361177556","https://openalex.org/W2385850731","https://openalex.org/W2389081482","https://openalex.org/W2323747628","https://openalex.org/W2361159665","https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W2045896902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"will":[2,141],"discuss":[3],"how":[4],"to":[5],"determine":[6],"word":[7],"stress":[8,23,55,85,104,114],"from":[9,109],"spelling.":[10],"Stress":[11],"assignment":[12],"is":[13,65,107],"a":[14,32],"well-established":[15],"weak":[16],"point":[17],"for":[18,71],"many":[19,39],"speech":[20,40],"synthesizers":[21,41],"because":[22],"dependencies":[24,56],"cannot":[25],"be":[26,142],"determined":[27],"locally,":[28],"by":[29],"looking":[30],"through":[31],"five":[33],"or":[34],"six":[35],"character":[36],"window,":[37],"as":[38,45,140],"do.":[42],"Examples":[43],"such":[44],"degr\u00e1de":[46],"/":[47,51,78],"d\u00e8grad\u00e1tion":[48],"and":[49,61,96,111],"t\u00e9legraph":[50],"tel\u00e9graphy":[52],"demonstrate":[53],"that":[54],"can":[57],"span":[58],"over":[59],"two":[60],"three":[62],"syllables.":[63],"Etymology":[64],"an":[66],"even":[67],"more":[68],"striking":[69],"problem":[70],"local":[72],"determination":[73],"of":[74,93],"stress.":[75],"Consider":[76],"c\u00e1lculi":[77],"tort\u00f3ni":[79,99],"which":[80],"should":[81],"have":[82,89],"the":[83,90,101,134],"same":[84,91],"pattern":[86,136],"since":[87],"they":[88],"sequence":[92],"stops,":[94],"liquids":[95],"vowels.":[97],"However,":[98],"violates":[100],"English":[102],"main":[103],"rule":[105],"(which":[106],"derived":[108],"Latin)":[110],"takes":[112],"penultimate":[113],"like":[115],"most":[116],"other":[117],"Italian":[118,131],"loan":[119],"words:":[120],"Aldrighetti,":[121],"Angeletti,":[122],"Bellotti":[123],"Iannucci,":[124],"Italiano,":[125],"Lombardino,":[126],"Marconi,":[127],"Morillo,":[128],"Olivetti.":[129],"Stressing":[130],"names":[132],"with":[133],"Latin":[135],"yields":[137],"amusing":[138],"results":[139],"demonstrated.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
