{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1577060914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","title":"Automatic generation of consonant discrimination rules","display_name":"Automatic generation of consonant discrimination rules","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1577060914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","mag":"1577060914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '86. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036213058","display_name":"Kazuhiko Aikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Aikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Communications Laboratories, NTT, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan","NTT, Electrical Communications Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Communications Laboratories, NTT, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT, Electrical Communications Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036213058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06603674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"2755","last_page":"2758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9182000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consonant","display_name":"Consonant","score":0.7581047415733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6751794815063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.5454654097557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5370314121246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5138450264930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5132005214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-system","display_name":"Rule-based system","score":0.4979534149169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47062280774116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-rule","display_name":"Phonological rule","score":0.46000200510025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stop-consonant","display_name":"Stop consonant","score":0.41802671551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3330467939376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14926815032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.07440009713172913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778203577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38035","display_name":"Consonant","level":3,"score":0.7581047415733337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751794815063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.5454654097557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5370314121246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5138450264930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5132005214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149271511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417149","display_name":"Rule-based system","level":2,"score":0.4979534149169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47062280774116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151670969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187303","display_name":"Phonological rule","level":3,"score":0.46000200510025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51597","display_name":"Stop consonant","level":4,"score":0.41802671551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3330467939376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14926815032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.07440009713172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1986.1168559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '86. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493160895","https://openalex.org/W1691045836","https://openalex.org/W1744962994","https://openalex.org/W2051768896","https://openalex.org/W2085370744","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2165258585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020946215","https://openalex.org/W2801025542","https://openalex.org/W1966580183","https://openalex.org/W2159095556","https://openalex.org/W2083136263","https://openalex.org/W4213283234","https://openalex.org/W2373394249","https://openalex.org/W1989026474","https://openalex.org/W1964706935","https://openalex.org/W4252296115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,50,72],"paper":[1,73],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,21,58,77],"new":[4],"automatic":[5],"rule":[6,14,40,81],"generation":[7,56],"approach":[8,51],"for":[9,29,54,97],"rule-based":[10],"consonant":[11,34,109],"discrimination.":[12],"A":[13],"unit":[15],"used":[16],"here":[17],"is":[18,52,65,112],"represented":[19],"by":[20,86,103],"conditional":[22],"branch.":[23],"All":[24],"rules":[25,88],"are":[26],"optimally":[27],"generated":[28],"the":[30,33,55,68,91,108,116],"discrimination":[31,80,110],"of":[32,57,61],"learning":[35],"samples.":[36],"Clear":[37],"and":[38],"simple":[39],"description":[41],"permits":[42],"immediate":[43],"evaluation":[44],"as":[45,47],"well":[46],"further":[48],"improvement.":[49],"effective":[53],"large":[59],"number":[60],"complicated":[62],"rules,":[63],"which":[64],"difficult":[66],"using":[67],"conventional":[69],"heuristic":[70],"approach.":[71],"also":[74],"shows":[75],"that":[76,107],"more":[78],"precise":[79],"set":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"obtained":[85],"generating":[87],"depending":[89],"on":[90],"succeeding":[92],"vowel.":[93],"The":[94],"experimental":[95],"results":[96],"100":[98],"Japanese":[99],"city":[100],"names":[101],"spoken":[102],"50":[104],"speakers":[105],"indicate":[106],"rate":[111],"73.7":[113],"%":[114],"employing":[115],"resulting":[117],"vowel":[118],"dependent":[119],"rules.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}