{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1493160895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","title":"An expert system for the automatic reading of French spectrograms","display_name":"An expert system for the automatic reading of French spectrograms","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1493160895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","mag":"1493160895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '84. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110941575","display_name":"No\u00eblle Carbonell","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Carbonell","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046546502","display_name":"Dominique Fohr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Fohr","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111425174","display_name":"J.-P. Haton","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Haton","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001787261","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Lonchamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Lonchamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Phon\u00e9tique, Universit\u00e9 de Nancy 2, Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Phon\u00e9tique, Universit\u00e9 de Nancy 2, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111708778","display_name":"Jean-Marie Pierrel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Pierrel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIN-Universit\u00e9 de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91816579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"316","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.9508709907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945473790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.7830016613006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6899410486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.6657164096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6436473727226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5744041204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.5612540245056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5354127883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4954761266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45732346177101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44846946001052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10346069931983948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.9508709907531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945473790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.7830016613006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6899410486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.6657164096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6436473727226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5744041204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.5612540245056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5354127883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4954761266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45732346177101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44846946001052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10346069931983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '84. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670129776","https://openalex.org/W1855730215","https://openalex.org/W1981237242","https://openalex.org/W2023542619","https://openalex.org/W2076465365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576952456","https://openalex.org/W2030629278","https://openalex.org/W2617115970","https://openalex.org/W2018344106","https://openalex.org/W2079976467","https://openalex.org/W2395092600","https://openalex.org/W2230180865","https://openalex.org/W2898887610","https://openalex.org/W4243396974","https://openalex.org/W2248975929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,49,66,89],"report":[1],"on":[2,7,85,120],"a":[3,110],"long":[4],"term":[5],"project":[6],"the":[8,15,24,43,54,70,75,96,115,121],"phonetic":[9,37],"decoding":[10],"of":[11,17,26,45],"continuous":[12],"speech,":[13],"within":[14],"framework":[16],"an":[18,35,46,81,103],"expert":[19,47,97],"system.":[20,48,111],"Spectrogram":[21],"reading":[22],"is":[23,32],"field":[25],"expertise":[27,77],"under":[28],"study,":[29],"although":[30],"it":[31],"clear":[33],"that":[34],"automatic":[36],"decoder":[38],"should":[39],"not":[40],"be":[41,61,100],"in":[42,53,94,109],"form":[44],"expect":[50],"major":[51],"improvements":[52],"recognition":[55],"rate":[56],"when":[57],"expert's":[58],"rules":[59,98],"will":[60],"incorporated":[62],"into":[63],"existing":[64],"systems.":[65],"describe":[67],"here":[68],"both":[69],"method":[71],"used":[72,108],"to":[73],"retrieve":[74],"human":[76],"and":[78,106],"results":[79],"by":[80],"experienced":[82],"spectrogram":[83],"reader":[84],"50":[86],"phonetically-balanced":[87],"sentences.":[88],"also":[90],"sketch":[91],"various":[92],"ways":[93],"which":[95],"can":[99],"validated":[101],"through":[102],"\"inference":[104],"engine\"":[105],"actually":[107],"Finally,":[112],"we":[113],"discuss":[114],"impact":[116],"this":[117],"approach":[118],"has":[119],"design.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
