{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1796349162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","title":"Connected digit recognition using vector quantization","display_name":"Connected digit recognition using vector quantization","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1796349162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","mag":"1796349162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '84. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108291827","display_name":"H. Bourlard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329325741","display_name":"Philips (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01g4jev56","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741","https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159858","display_name":"Philips (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsjqt55","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210159858"]}],"countries":["BE","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Bourlard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium","Philips Research Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329325741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108525230","display_name":"C. Wellekens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159858","display_name":"Philips (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsjqt55","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210159858"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Wellekens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium","[Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Philips Research National Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112501010","display_name":"Hermann Ney","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ney","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91906589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"413","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.8412617444992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7210560441017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6522777676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5958079099655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.5820004343986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5340444445610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5301638245582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5255956649780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.4873217046260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.46692535281181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4504391849040985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.44766756892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4459826350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.44087615609169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35714593529701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3334256410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2958301603794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17868366837501526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.8412617444992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7210560441017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6522777676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5958079099655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.5820004343986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5340444445610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5301638245582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5255956649780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.4873217046260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46692535281181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4504391849040985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.44766756892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4459826350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.44087615609169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35714593529701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3334256410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2958301603794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17868366837501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1984.1172585","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '84. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1623080549","https://openalex.org/W1990005915","https://openalex.org/W2116432265","https://openalex.org/W2137089646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100968651","https://openalex.org/W4243803532","https://openalex.org/W2142248489","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W4230688072","https://openalex.org/W1915693853","https://openalex.org/W1530525041","https://openalex.org/W2378212145","https://openalex.org/W2798892016","https://openalex.org/W2202992072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75],"principles":[1],"of":[2,8,18,29,54,77,83],"classification":[3],"applied":[4],"to":[5,15,34],"the":[6,9,16,19,55,65,80,84],"representation":[7],"words":[10,61],"in":[11,79],"a":[12,26,43,89],"vocabulary":[13,90],"lead":[14],"clustering":[17],"acoustic":[20],"vectors":[21],"into":[22,73],"prototype":[23],"vectors.":[24],"For":[25],"small":[27],"number":[28],"prototypes,":[30],"recognition":[31,57],"scores":[32],"comparable":[33],"those":[35],"observed":[36],"with":[37,42],"unclustered":[38],"vocabularies":[39],"are":[40,62,71],"obtained":[41,67],"highly":[44],"reduced":[45],"computation":[46],"time.":[47],"Two":[48],"different":[49],"forms":[50],"(deterministic":[51],"and":[52,64],"stochastic)":[53],"single-level":[56],"method":[58],"for":[59],"concatenated":[60],"described":[63],"improvements":[66],"by":[68],"vector":[69],"quantization":[70],"put":[72],"evidence.":[74],"use":[76],"prototypes":[78],"training":[81],"phase":[82],"finite":[85],"stochastic":[86],"automata":[87],"representing":[88],"word":[91],"is":[92],"also":[93],"described.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}