{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099735873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","title":"Speaker trained recognition of large vocabularies of isolated words","display_name":"Speaker trained recognition of large vocabularies of isolated words","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099735873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","mag":"2099735873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '82. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025786251","display_name":"A. E. Rosenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Rosenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110218997","display_name":"L. R. Rabiner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Rabiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113720165","display_name":"J. Wilpon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wilpon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025786251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74061042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"2018","last_page":"2021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.8885422348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7908527851104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6893021464347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6486334800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5888988375663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5827435851097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.5758134722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4987614154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4139414131641388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21540215611457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12696081399917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08700206875801086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.8885422348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7908527851104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6893021464347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6486334800720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5888988375663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5827435851097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.5758134722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4987614154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4139414131641388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21540215611457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12696081399917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08700206875801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1982.1171846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '82. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596388300","https://openalex.org/W1565967034","https://openalex.org/W2010742990","https://openalex.org/W2015324614","https://openalex.org/W2057833190","https://openalex.org/W2144195083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W2140449480","https://openalex.org/W2069374145","https://openalex.org/W2401522294","https://openalex.org/W2112800125","https://openalex.org/W178422364","https://openalex.org/W2358212252","https://openalex.org/W1962828410","https://openalex.org/W3197877226","https://openalex.org/W2158882055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,64,87],"has":[1],"long":[2],"been":[3],"known":[4],"that":[5,90,177,202],"one":[6],"of":[7,15,25,40,68,79,85,93,105,114,134,151,169,181,194,206,209],"the":[8,13,21,26,38,66,73,91,106,110,115,118,124,143,149,170,195,198,207,210,212],"key":[9],"factors":[10],"in":[11,108,142,197],"determining":[12],"accuracy":[14,158,189,214],"isolated":[16,31,98],"word":[17,32,99,137],"recognition":[18,78,140,157,188,213],"systems":[19],"is":[20,65,88,101,223],"size":[22,54,130,153,164,208],"and/or":[23],"complexity":[24,155],"vocabulary.":[27,131],"Although":[28],"most":[29],"practical":[30],"recognizers":[33],"use":[34],"small":[35,161],"vocabularies":[36,55,96,100,138],"(on":[37],"order":[39],"10":[41],"to":[42,52,71,120,185,216],"50":[43],"words),":[44],"there":[45],"are":[46],"many":[47],"applications":[48],"which":[49,222],"require":[50],"medium":[51,163],"large":[53,81,95,136],"(e.g.":[56],"airlines":[57],"reservation":[58],"and":[59,112,122,154,162],"information,":[60],"data":[61],"retrieval":[62],"etc).":[63],"purpose":[67],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"discuss":[72],"problems":[74,107],"associated":[75],"with":[76],"speaker-trained":[77],"a":[80,178,219],"vocabulary":[82,125,152,172],"(1109":[83],"words)":[84],"words.":[86],"shown":[89],"practicability":[92],"using":[94],"for":[97,117,127,139,147,159,173,203,225],"doubtful,":[102],"both":[103,160],"because":[104,113],"training":[109],"system,":[111],"difficulty":[116],"user":[119],"learn":[121],"remember":[123],"words":[126,182,196],"any":[128],"significant":[129],"The":[132],"importance":[133],"studying":[135],"lies":[141],"flexibility":[144],"it":[145],"provides":[146],"understanding":[148],"effects":[150],"on":[156],"vocabularies.":[165],"By":[166],"constructing":[167],"subsets":[168],"total":[171],"recognition,":[174],"we":[175],"show":[176,201],"judicious":[179],"choice":[180,193],"can":[183],"lead":[184],"significantly":[186],"better":[187],"than":[190],"by":[191,218],"poor":[192],"subset.":[199],"We":[200],"each":[204,226],"doubling":[205],"vocabulary,":[211],"tends":[215],"decrease":[217],"fixed":[220],"amount,":[221],"different":[224],"talker.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
