{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1847689439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","title":"Continuous speech recognition with automatically selected acoustic prototypes obtained by either bootstrapping or clustering","display_name":"Continuous speech recognition with automatically selected acoustic prototypes obtained by either bootstrapping or clustering","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1847689439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","mag":"1847689439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '81. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063150637","display_name":"Arthur N\u00e1das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6893-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Nadas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110032567","display_name":"R. L. Mercer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mercer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112811561","display_name":"L.R. Bahl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Bahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085469328","display_name":"R. Bakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Bakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109216287","display_name":"Paul S. Cohen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087898373","display_name":"A. Cole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109975749","display_name":"F. Jelinek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Jelinek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034797188","display_name":"Blaine Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-5782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Speech Recognition Group Computer Sciences Department, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93636784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1153","last_page":"1155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8154500722885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.8120678663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7246598601341248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7103830575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.7050766944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5865107774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-model","display_name":"Acoustic model","score":0.5790761709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.563883900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5264925360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48701363801956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44824111461639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4164290428161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.3506826162338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09830737113952637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8154500722885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.8120678663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7246598601341248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7103830575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.7050766944885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5865107774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155635449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674699","display_name":"Acoustic model","level":3,"score":0.5790761709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.563883900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5264925360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48701363801956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44824111461639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4164290428161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.3506826162338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09830737113952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1981.1171177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '81. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1802482518","https://openalex.org/W1921966169","https://openalex.org/W1990005915","https://openalex.org/W2123783347","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W4252521233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W2992378684","https://openalex.org/W2964829415","https://openalex.org/W642007152","https://openalex.org/W2122233706","https://openalex.org/W2105439218","https://openalex.org/W3143423642","https://openalex.org/W2131711534","https://openalex.org/W2341426843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"selection":[1],"of":[2,26],"acoustic":[3,27,35,79],"prototypes":[4,28,55,80],"is":[5,41],"an":[6,74],"important":[7],"step":[8],"towards":[9],"making":[10],"speech":[11],"recognition":[12],"systems":[13],"automatically":[14,22,53],"adaptable":[15],"to":[16,71],"new":[17],"speakers.":[18],"Two":[19],"methods":[20],"for":[21,29],"obtaining":[23],"a":[24,32],"set":[25],"use":[30],"by":[31],"centisecond":[33],"labeling":[34],"processor":[36],"are":[37,65,69],"described.":[38],"One":[39],"method":[40],"based":[42],"on":[43,47,56],"bootstrapping,":[44],"the":[45,57,78],"other":[46],"clustering.":[48],"Recognition":[49],"results":[50,68],"using":[51],"these":[52],"obtained":[54],"1000-word":[58],"vocabulary":[59],"natural":[60],"language":[61],"Laser":[62],"Patent":[63],"task":[64],"presented.":[66],"These":[67],"compared":[70],"those":[72],"from":[73],"experiment":[75],"in":[76],"which":[77],"were":[81],"manually":[82],"selected.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}