{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167951753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","title":"Diphone synthesis for phonetic vocoding","display_name":"Diphone synthesis for phonetic vocoding","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167951753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","mag":"2167951753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '79. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089653752","display_name":"Richard Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-624X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090453958","display_name":"J. Klovstad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Klovstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111497957","display_name":"J. Makhoul","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Makhoul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069744359","display_name":"Dennis H. Klatt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Klatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109575396","display_name":"Victor W. Zue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Zue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman,\uc2a0Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81240957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"891","last_page":"894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.7658964395523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7325998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7071323990821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.6918447017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllabic-verse","display_name":"Syllabic verse","score":0.5935322046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.583980917930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5619741678237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5209959149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16774123907089233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.7658964395523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7325998544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7071323990821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.6918447017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629608","display_name":"Syllabic verse","level":2,"score":0.5935322046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.583980917930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5619741678237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5209959149360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16774123907089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1979.1170600","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP '79. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585234198","https://openalex.org/W2006534846","https://openalex.org/W2015562983","https://openalex.org/W2045388414","https://openalex.org/W2050599089","https://openalex.org/W2111114457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W91299649","https://openalex.org/W1977364560","https://openalex.org/W2371826160","https://openalex.org/W131756877","https://openalex.org/W2990101387","https://openalex.org/W2523573504","https://openalex.org/W2083831282","https://openalex.org/W2384226983","https://openalex.org/W2085116255","https://openalex.org/W1826483905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"on":[2],"the":[3,8,21,24,112,133,148],"synthesis":[4,83],"of":[5,10,37,59,76,84,107,126,147],"speech":[6,150],"in":[7,65,132],"context":[9],"a":[11,27,34,42,105,123],"phonetic":[12],"vocoder":[13,22],"operating":[14],"at":[15],"100":[16],"b/s.":[17],"With":[18],"each":[19],"phoneme,":[20],"transmits":[23],"duration":[25],"and":[26,56,80,89,101,119,140],"single":[28],"pitch":[29],"value.":[30],"The":[31,46,92,135],"synthesizer":[32],"uses":[33],"large":[35],"inventory":[36,48],"diphone":[38,47,114],"\"models\"":[39],"to":[40,52,61,72,81,121],"synthesize":[41],"desired":[43],"phoneme":[44],"string.":[45],"has":[49],"been":[50],"selected":[51],"differentiate":[53],"between":[54],"prevocalic":[55],"postvocalic":[57,70],"allophones":[58],"sonorants,":[60],"account":[62],"for":[63],"changes":[64],"vowel":[66],"color":[67],"conditioned":[68],"by":[69],"liquids,":[71],"allow":[73],"exact":[74],"specification":[75],"voice":[77],"onset":[78],"time,":[79],"permit":[82],"glottal":[85],"stops":[86],"alveolar":[87],"flaps":[88],"syllabic":[90],"consonants.":[91],"diphones":[93],"are":[94,102,116,130,138],"extracted":[95],"from":[96],"carefully":[97],"constructed":[98],"short":[99],"utterances":[100],"stored":[103],"as":[104],"sequence":[106,125],"LPC":[108,127],"parameters.":[109],"During":[110],"synthesis,":[111],"requisite":[113],"models":[115],"time-warped,":[117],"abutted":[118],"smoothed":[120],"produce":[122],"complete":[124],"parameters":[128],"that":[129],"used":[131,137],"synthesis.":[134],"algorithms":[136],"described":[139],"compared":[141],"with":[142],"more":[143],"conventional":[144],"methods.":[145],"Examples":[146],"synthesized":[149],"will":[151],"be":[152],"played.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}