{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406208028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552","title":"Real-Time GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicles: An Attention-Based Autoencoder Approach","display_name":"Real-Time GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicles: An Attention-Based Autoencoder Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406208028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081110905","display_name":"Huan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455537","display_name":"Guoqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7426-5480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086170945","display_name":"Chunyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059520724","display_name":"Mingxing Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-2648"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute,Guangzhou,China,510990"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute,Guangzhou,China,510990","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043106548","display_name":"Yuanzhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-4849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University,Jinan,China,250061"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University,Jinan,China,250061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081110905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26396465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"232","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8784370422363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8398714065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.817504346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6777448654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47099870443344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44940680265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37917813658714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.26775115728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2372458279132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.19489189982414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15962302684783936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8784370422363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8398714065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.817504346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6777448654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47099870443344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44940680265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37917813658714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.26775115728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2372458279132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.19489189982414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15962302684783936}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821552","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2942505838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W2122d0245,M22NBK0109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","funder_display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792608682","https://openalex.org/W2940793188","https://openalex.org/W2945434604","https://openalex.org/W2976789611","https://openalex.org/W3022436500","https://openalex.org/W3042773043","https://openalex.org/W3090907207","https://openalex.org/W3127247820","https://openalex.org/W3162448362","https://openalex.org/W4210946668","https://openalex.org/W4312571988","https://openalex.org/W4318049614","https://openalex.org/W4362698359","https://openalex.org/W4362714293","https://openalex.org/W4390546595","https://openalex.org/W4391467422","https://openalex.org/W4391640464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095455901","https://openalex.org/W4312670159","https://openalex.org/W3126564540","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3008363920","https://openalex.org/W4391128647","https://openalex.org/W2088717005","https://openalex.org/W3206448138","https://openalex.org/W4319430861","https://openalex.org/W3200530419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,53,66,68,75,94,97],"rapid":[2],"evolution":[3],"of":[4,96],"autonomous":[5],"vehicles":[6],"(AVs),":[7],"ensuring":[8],"reliable":[9],"navigation":[10],"has":[11],"become":[12],"paramount,":[13],"especially":[14],"against":[15],"threats":[16],"like":[17],"Global":[18],"Navigation":[19],"Satellite":[20],"Systems":[21],"(GNSS)":[22],"spoofing.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"an":[27],"attention-based":[28],"Autoencoder":[29],"approach":[30],"for":[31,113],"real-time":[32],"GNSS":[33],"spoofing":[34,89],"detection":[35,104,108],"in":[36,100,116],"AVs.":[37],"The":[38],"proposed":[39,98],"method":[40,99],"leverages":[41],"data":[42],"from":[43],"multiple":[44],"sensors,":[45],"including":[46],"IMU,":[47],"GNSS,":[48],"and":[49,55,73,86,106],"LiDAR,":[50],"fully":[51],"utilizing":[52],"redundancy":[54],"correlations":[56],"among":[57],"them.":[58],"By":[59],"integrating":[60],"a":[61,102],"multi-head":[62],"attention":[63],"mechanism":[64],"into":[65],"Autoencoder,":[67],"model":[69],"can":[70],"thoroughly":[71],"capture":[72],"analyze":[74],"complex":[76],"relationships":[77],"within":[78],"sensor":[79],"data,":[80],"enhancing":[81],"its":[82,111],"capability":[83],"to":[84],"promptly":[85],"accurately":[87],"identify":[88],"attacks.":[90],"Field":[91],"experiments":[92],"demonstrate":[93],"effectiveness":[95],"achieving":[101],"high":[103],"rate":[105],"short":[107],"time,":[109],"highlighting":[110],"potential":[112],"practical":[114],"deployment":[115],"AV":[117],"applications.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
