{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315488933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304","title":"Recent Trends in Autonomous Vehicle Validation Ensuring Road Safety with Emphasis on Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Recent Trends in Autonomous Vehicle Validation Ensuring Road Safety with Emphasis on Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315488933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608251","display_name":"2022 17th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 17th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044429107","display_name":"Anuj Abraham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj Abraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute,Masdar City, Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates,9639"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute,Masdar City, Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates,9639","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018353075","display_name":"Sarat Chandra Nagavarapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-8257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarat Chandra Nagavarapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005208902","display_name":"Shitala Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-5164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shitala Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014547244","display_name":"Pranjal Vyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-2955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranjal Vyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), A*STAR,Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), A*STAR,Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084671717","display_name":"Libin K. Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-6669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libin K Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,138632","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94534282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.7336363792419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5825420618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.517593502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-safety","display_name":"Vehicle safety","score":0.4416614770889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-safety","display_name":"Active safety","score":0.42952027916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.41547197103500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.41201046109199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2875401973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2645559310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.24709054827690125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.7336363792419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5825420618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.517593502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986542766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2090494","display_name":"Vehicle safety","level":2,"score":0.4416614770889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127757376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056514","display_name":"Active safety","level":2,"score":0.42952027916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.41547197103500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.41201046109199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2875401973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2645559310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.24709054827690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv57592.2022.10004304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608251","display_name":"2022 17th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 17th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32453388","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1569612973","https://openalex.org/W1869778509","https://openalex.org/W1888400106","https://openalex.org/W1975051432","https://openalex.org/W1980569135","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2162496544","https://openalex.org/W2177814138","https://openalex.org/W2295815568","https://openalex.org/W2520436364","https://openalex.org/W2576845151","https://openalex.org/W2788820894","https://openalex.org/W2877223537","https://openalex.org/W2890883923","https://openalex.org/W2947832965","https://openalex.org/W2963231286","https://openalex.org/W2964175514","https://openalex.org/W3105806188","https://openalex.org/W3155224491","https://openalex.org/W3176287975","https://openalex.org/W3187869944","https://openalex.org/W4213267140","https://openalex.org/W4214806541","https://openalex.org/W4221053356","https://openalex.org/W4221165528","https://openalex.org/W4225555528","https://openalex.org/W4240514091","https://openalex.org/W4285306309","https://openalex.org/W4287332260","https://openalex.org/W4293682399","https://openalex.org/W4294549530","https://openalex.org/W4294691472","https://openalex.org/W6601322911","https://openalex.org/W6639086533","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6747691941","https://openalex.org/W6748982675","https://openalex.org/W6756976069","https://openalex.org/W6757758324","https://openalex.org/W6766301176","https://openalex.org/W6810220824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1918870265","https://openalex.org/W629205042","https://openalex.org/W2978072926","https://openalex.org/W1975541622","https://openalex.org/W577402060","https://openalex.org/W355026680","https://openalex.org/W2135159810","https://openalex.org/W2518466509","https://openalex.org/W2911622816","https://openalex.org/W3090334073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"autonomous":[1,81,103,111,163],"vehicles":[2,82],"(AVs)":[3],"have":[4],"received":[5],"a":[6],"lot":[7],"of":[8,28,31,43,55,80,87,130,143,162],"attention":[9],"from":[10],"the":[11,17,22,26,29,41,85,88,96,101,126,131,148,160],"automotive":[12],"industry":[13],"as":[14,16,110],"well":[15],"AV":[18,138],"research":[19],"community":[20],"across":[21,121],"globe.":[23],"To":[24],"increase":[25],"safety":[27,76,93,155],"flow":[30],"traffic,":[32],"they":[33,59],"are":[34],"anticipated":[35],"to":[36,49,69],"help":[37],"or":[38],"perhaps":[39],"take":[40],"place":[42],"human":[44],"drivers":[45],"when":[46],"it":[47],"comes":[48],"vehicle":[50,104,112,116],"manoeuvring":[51],"at":[52],"various":[53],"levels":[54],"autonomy.":[56],"But":[57],"before":[58],"can":[60],"be":[61,67,157],"widely":[62],"used,":[63],"AVs":[64],"must":[65],"first":[66],"developed":[68],"overcome":[70],"their":[71,92],"inherent":[72],"security":[73],"and":[74,91,106,118,150],"road":[75,154],"issues.":[77],"The":[78],"adoption":[79],"depends":[83],"on":[84,95,140],"results":[86],"driving":[89],"test":[90],"validation":[94,107,149],"roads.":[97,141],"This":[98],"paper":[99,127],"examines":[100],"associated":[102],"testing":[105],"methodologies":[108],"such":[109,144],"functional":[113],"testing,":[114,117],"integrated":[115],"system":[119],"verification":[120,151],"many":[122],"architectures.":[123],"In":[124],"addition,":[125],"presents":[128],"some":[129],"state-of-the-art":[132],"machine":[133],"learning":[134],"algorithms":[135],"used":[136],"for":[137,153,159],"operation":[139],"Knowledge":[142],"recent":[145],"trends":[146],"in":[147],"techniques":[152],"will":[156],"helpful":[158],"development":[161],"vehicles.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}