{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095730740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","title":"A weighted voting scheme for recognition of faces with illumination variation","display_name":"A weighted voting scheme for recognition of faces with illumination variation","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095730740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","mag":"2095730740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015821210","display_name":"A. Nabatchian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Nabatchian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061387916","display_name":"Esam Abdel\u2010Raheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7596-2077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Abdel-Raheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116239815","display_name":"Majid Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4046-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015821210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17281505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"896","last_page":"899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7481606006622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.736349880695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6819319725036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6299115419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.583730161190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5529589056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.49111244082450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.46121323108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.45950835943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44975653290748596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7481606006622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.736349880695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6819319725036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6299115419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.583730161190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5529589056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.49111244082450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.46121323108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.45950835943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44975653290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1937491688","https://openalex.org/W1964358753","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2065520107","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2155000092","https://openalex.org/W2168068730","https://openalex.org/W4240744150","https://openalex.org/W6640558817","https://openalex.org/W6682648794","https://openalex.org/W7027716524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W2038534795","https://openalex.org/W2384358604","https://openalex.org/W1567829292","https://openalex.org/W3001063351","https://openalex.org/W3196905815","https://openalex.org/W2351370765","https://openalex.org/W3133811809","https://openalex.org/W1967452726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"method":[2,20,38],"for":[3,106],"face":[4,47],"recognition":[5,98],"based":[6,31],"on":[7,10,32,55,88],"weighted":[8],"votes":[9],"different":[11],"sub-images":[12],"of":[13],"a":[14],"picture":[15],"is":[16,21,74],"proposed.":[17],"The":[18,36,94],"proposed":[19,37],"robust":[22],"under":[23],"illumination":[24,29,50,71],"variations":[25],"and":[26,51,73,91,104],"achieves":[27],"the":[28,33,46,70,101,107],"invariants":[30,72],"reflectance-illumination":[34],"model.":[35],"does":[39,60],"not":[40,61],"require":[41],"any":[42],"prior":[43],"information":[44],"about":[45],"shape":[48],"or":[49],"can":[52],"be":[53],"applied":[54],"each":[56],"image":[57],"separately.":[58],"It":[59],"need":[62],"multiple":[63],"images":[64],"in":[65,100],"training":[66],"stage":[67],"to":[68],"get":[69],"computationally":[75],"efficient.":[76],"Support":[77],"vector":[78],"machines":[79],"are":[80,86],"used":[81],"as":[82],"classifier.":[83],"Several":[84],"experiments":[85],"performed":[87],"Yale":[89,102],"B":[90,103],"CMU-PIE":[92,108],"databases.":[93],"system":[95],"achieved":[96],"99.82%":[97],"rate":[99],"99.74%":[105],"database.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}