{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113191040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","title":"On intelligent surveillance systems and face recognition for mass transport security","display_name":"On intelligent surveillance systems and face recognition for mass transport security","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113191040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","mag":"2113191040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058539660","display_name":"Brian C. Lovell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-1754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian C. Lovell","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089800102","display_name":"Shaokang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaokang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056816878","display_name":"Abbas Bigdeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Bigdeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014794856","display_name":"Erik Berglund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Berglund","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054815937","display_name":"Conrad Sanderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-4501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad Sanderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ITEE, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058539660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12649349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"713","last_page":"718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7995613813400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7827215194702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7412180304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6830960512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6337554454803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6141481399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.602368175983429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5582317113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5374022722244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.535425066947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5334029197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46568503975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.41332152485847473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7995613813400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7827215194702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7412180304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6830960512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6337554454803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6141481399536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.602368175983429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5582317113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5374022722244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.535425066947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5334029197692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46568503975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.41332152485847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:177331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584317276","https://openalex.org/W1639684026","https://openalex.org/W1971865497","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2059676477","https://openalex.org/W2095999100","https://openalex.org/W2097728881","https://openalex.org/W2098507610","https://openalex.org/W2102742445","https://openalex.org/W2105250556","https://openalex.org/W2107369107","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2120064431","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2122221725","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2126422625","https://openalex.org/W2136405083","https://openalex.org/W2137695006","https://openalex.org/W2142896541","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2148100798","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2156214420","https://openalex.org/W2161308290","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2166335841","https://openalex.org/W2167737187","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2543138488","https://openalex.org/W4231473823","https://openalex.org/W4235599520","https://openalex.org/W6636564146","https://openalex.org/W6674987845","https://openalex.org/W6675417723","https://openalex.org/W6675513601","https://openalex.org/W6681858522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W2058325696","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,88,123],"project":[3],"to":[4,70,94,128,148,176],"trial":[5],"and":[6,73,97,109,121,161],"develop":[7],"enhanced":[8],"surveillance":[9],"technologies":[10],"for":[11,79,100,132],"public":[12],"safety.":[13],"A":[14],"key":[15],"technology":[16],"is":[17,141,156],"robust":[18],"recognition":[19,41,65,103],"of":[20,118,137],"faces":[21,187],"from":[22,192],"low-resolution":[23],"CCTV":[24,81],"footage":[25],"where":[26],"there":[27],"may":[28],"be":[29],"as":[30,32,49,51,68,77],"few":[31],"12":[33],"pixels":[34,45],"between":[35,46],"the":[36,47,115,130,138,166,170,182],"eyes.":[37],"Current":[38],"commercial":[39],"face":[40,64,102],"systems":[42],"require":[43],"60-90":[44],"eyes":[48],"well":[50,174],"tightly":[52],"controlled":[53],"image":[54,74],"capture":[55,75],"conditions.":[56],"Our":[57],"group":[58],"has":[59],"thus":[60],"concentrated":[61],"on":[62,158],"fundamental":[63],"issues":[66],"such":[67],"robustness":[69],"low":[71,143],"resolution":[72],"conditions":[76],"required":[78],"uncontrolled":[80],"surveillance.":[82,153],"In":[83],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86],"propose":[87],"fast":[89],"multi-class":[90],"pattern":[91],"classification":[92],"approach":[93,140],"enhance":[95],"PCA":[96],"FLD":[98],"methods":[99],"2D":[101],"under":[104],"changes":[105],"in":[106,126,146,151],"pose,":[107],"illumination,":[108],"expression.":[110],"The":[111,154],"method":[112,155,171,183],"first":[113],"finds":[114],"optimal":[116],"weights":[117,131],"features":[119],"pairwise":[120],"constructs":[122],"feature":[124],"chain":[125],"order":[127,147],"determine":[129],"all":[133],"features.":[134],"Computational":[135],"load":[136],"proposed":[139],"extremely":[142],"by":[144],"design,":[145],"facilitate":[149],"usage":[150],"automated":[152],"evaluated":[157],"PIE,":[159],"FERET,":[160],"Asian":[162],"Face":[163],"databases,":[164],"with":[165,188],"results":[167],"showing":[168],"that":[169],"performs":[172],"remarkably":[173],"compared":[175],"several":[177],"benchmark":[178],"appearance-based":[179],"methods.":[180],"Moreover,":[181],"can":[184],"reliably":[185],"recognise":[186],"large":[189],"pose":[190],"angles":[191],"just":[193],"one":[194],"gallery":[195],"image.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}