{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164086416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","title":"Illuminated face normalization technique by using wavelet fusion and local binary patterns","display_name":"Illuminated face normalization technique by using wavelet fusion and local binary patterns","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164086416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","mag":"2164086416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051093782","display_name":"Andrew Beng Jin Teoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B. J. Teoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics Engineering Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics Engineering Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013061930","display_name":"Yi Zheng Goh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Z. Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST), Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST), Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090599831","display_name":"Michael Kah Ong Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-6390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST), Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology (FIST), Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051093782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76472487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"422","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8359323740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6923871040344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6800159215927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.6445690393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6420423984527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6312833428382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5894221067428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5244003534317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.51357102394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4966316819190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.48647305369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.47978073358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.47359874844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.46880394220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.44674715399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4426572024822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31643691658973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27568185329437256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8359323740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6923871040344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6800159215927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.6445690393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6420423984527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6312833428382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5894221067428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5244003534317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.51357102394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4966316819190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.48647305369377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47978073358535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.47359874844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.46880394220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.44674715399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4426572024822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31643691658973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27568185329437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:4949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484973497","https://openalex.org/W1574818812","https://openalex.org/W1581809140","https://openalex.org/W1866173756","https://openalex.org/W1941360851","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2106349070","https://openalex.org/W2109880575","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2121900453","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2131168375","https://openalex.org/W2133295669","https://openalex.org/W2137385871","https://openalex.org/W2140907607","https://openalex.org/W2151610299","https://openalex.org/W2156387284","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2169200946","https://openalex.org/W2789848387","https://openalex.org/W3023411394","https://openalex.org/W6628934750","https://openalex.org/W6639348618","https://openalex.org/W6675790838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581696209","https://openalex.org/W2020430625","https://openalex.org/W2044065526","https://openalex.org/W2058306460","https://openalex.org/W2955952267","https://openalex.org/W2083564146","https://openalex.org/W2076436625","https://openalex.org/W2148428954","https://openalex.org/W2049095871","https://openalex.org/W1999808563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Performance":[0],"of":[1,36,67,88,94,103],"a":[2,55],"face":[3,29],"recognition":[4,30],"system":[5],"has":[6],"not":[7],"been":[8],"satisfied":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,41,85],"the":[12,32,37,43,48,65,78,101,122,129],"illumination":[13,26,44,49,58,89,130],"variation":[14],"on":[15,47,64],"facial":[16,56,95,133],"image.":[17],"Thus,":[18],"there":[19],"were":[20],"many":[21],"works":[22],"that":[23,121],"dealing":[24],"with":[25],"compensation":[27],"in":[28,31,80,127],"past":[33],"decades.":[34],"One":[35],"important":[38],"techniques":[39],"is":[40,61,97,125],"remove":[42],"component":[45,93],"based":[46,63],"reflectance":[50,92],"model.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"image":[57,96,116],"invariant":[59,131],"algorithm":[60,75],"devised":[62],"fusion":[66],"wavelet":[68,82,115],"analysis":[69],"and":[70],"local":[71,104],"binary":[72,105],"pattern.":[73],"The":[74],"first":[76],"removes":[77],"coefficients":[79],"logarithm":[81],"approximation":[83],"subband":[84],"get":[86],"rid":[87],"component.":[90],"Next,":[91],"then":[98],"enhanced":[99],"through":[100,114],"mapping":[102],"pattern":[106],"histogram.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"two":[109],"processed":[110],"images":[111],"are":[112],"combined":[113],"fusion.":[117],"Experiment":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"proposed":[123],"technique":[124],"promising":[126],"achieving":[128],"for":[132],"images.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
