{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110868593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","title":"Some learning issues in user-specific multimodal biometrics","display_name":"Some learning issues in user-specific multimodal biometrics","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110868593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","mag":"2110868593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICARCV 2004 8th Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision Conference, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018473729","display_name":"Kar\u2010Ann Toh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kar-Ann Toh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057104857","display_name":"Wei\u2010Yun Yau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-9169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yun Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018473729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16956238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1268","last_page":"1273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.850506603717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7023892998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperplane","display_name":"Hyperplane","score":0.6824615001678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5293263792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.5269849300384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5252736806869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45698171854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45313045382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.43501412868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4224509000778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.418865442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3393331468105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1941949725151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13723644614219666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.850506603717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023892998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68693459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657586","display_name":"Hyperplane","level":2,"score":0.6824615001678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5293263792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.5269849300384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5252736806869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45698171854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45313045382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.43501412868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4224509000778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.418865442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3393331468105316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1941949725151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13723644614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2004.1469028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICARCV 2004 8th Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision Conference, 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580858945","https://openalex.org/W2016648380","https://openalex.org/W2024677982","https://openalex.org/W2034473161","https://openalex.org/W2052097982","https://openalex.org/W2100221557","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2114224214","https://openalex.org/W2119970915","https://openalex.org/W2121292316","https://openalex.org/W2125664521","https://openalex.org/W2136965292","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2148680321","https://openalex.org/W6680574630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388813866","https://openalex.org/W2999104021","https://openalex.org/W4293088233","https://openalex.org/W2850804095","https://openalex.org/W1481656249","https://openalex.org/W2162280767","https://openalex.org/W1570799877","https://openalex.org/W2800688113","https://openalex.org/W4236933217","https://openalex.org/W2057598446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"idea":[1],"of":[2,48,54,93],"user-specific":[3,35],"multimodal":[4,36],"biometrics":[5],"is":[6],"pioneered":[7],"by":[8,18],"Jain,":[9],"A.":[10],"K.,":[11],"et":[12,21],"al.":[13,22],"(2002)":[14],"and":[15,52,65,88,110],"further":[16],"exploited":[17],"Toh,":[19],"K-A,":[20],"(2004)":[23],"recently.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,75],"look":[29],"into":[30],"several":[31],"issues":[32,40],"pertaining":[33],"to":[34],"biometric":[37],"verification.":[38],"These":[39],"include":[41],"the":[42,62],"small":[43,58],"sample":[44,59],"size":[45,60],"problem,":[46,61],"learning":[47],"local":[49,55,73,94],"decision":[50,95],"hyperplanes":[51],"setting":[53,92],"thresholds.":[56],"For":[57,72,91],"noise-injection":[63],"technique":[64,69],"a":[66,77,106],"feature":[67],"scaling-space":[68],"are":[70,99,103,114],"considered.":[71],"learning,":[74],"adopt":[76],"recently":[78],"proposed":[79],"reduced":[80],"polynomial":[81],"since":[82],"it":[83],"has":[84],"fast":[85],"single-step":[86],"computation":[87],"accurate":[89],"estimation.":[90],"thresholds,":[96],"nine":[97],"baselines":[98],"identified.":[100],"Extensive":[101],"experiments":[102],"performed":[104],"on":[105],"moderate":[107],"data":[108],"set":[109],"relatively":[111],"conclusive":[112],"results":[113],"observed.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
