{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1514380531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","title":"Subspace adaptation for incremental face learning","display_name":"Subspace adaptation for incremental face learning","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1514380531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","mag":"1514380531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072803465","display_name":"Raffaele Cappelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-9363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133988","display_name":"Bologna Research Area","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4rcp75","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Cappelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","DEIS, Bologna University, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS, Bologna University, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056262479","display_name":"Dario Maio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133988","display_name":"Bologna Research Area","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4rcp75","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Maio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","DEIS, Bologna University, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS, Bologna University, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027196976","display_name":"Davide Maltoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6329-6756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133988","display_name":"Bologna Research Area","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4rcp75","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Maltoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","DEIS, Bologna University, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS-CSlTE CNR, University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIS, Bologna University, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072803465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988","https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05560315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"974","last_page":"979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7874046564102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.757331132888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.7515244483947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6975064873695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6690099239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6407409906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6391018629074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5462063550949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.48734650015830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.46566250920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4394809305667877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4210275113582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40956437587738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1527715027332306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7874046564102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.757331132888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.7515244483947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6975064873695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6690099239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6407409906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6391018629074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5462063550949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.48734650015830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.46566250920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4394809305667877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4210275113582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40956437587738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1527715027332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1238556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135027688","https://openalex.org/W1480865305","https://openalex.org/W1564660545","https://openalex.org/W1853991187","https://openalex.org/W1981176352","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2017234462","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2096133415","https://openalex.org/W2102897151","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2142481374","https://openalex.org/W2143956139","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2148173335","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2747048292","https://openalex.org/W3215887389","https://openalex.org/W6605505239","https://openalex.org/W6628636345","https://openalex.org/W6633687552","https://openalex.org/W7073696389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896134808","https://openalex.org/W3172436493","https://openalex.org/W4287164812","https://openalex.org/W2957492749","https://openalex.org/W1887135636","https://openalex.org/W2386063599","https://openalex.org/W1975884855","https://openalex.org/W3213150849","https://openalex.org/W4285605394","https://openalex.org/W2025894073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,27,44],"new":[4],"face":[5,10,69,95,121],"recognition":[6],"approach":[7,103],"that":[8,83],"allows":[9],"variations":[11],"(produced":[12],"by":[13],"aging":[14],"and":[15,117],"other":[16,107],"appearance":[17],"changes)":[18],"to":[19,62,78,106],"be":[20,60],"dealt":[21],"with.":[22],"During":[23],"the":[24,39,51,64,68,75,90,98,101],"initial":[25],"learning,":[26],"set":[28],"of":[29,46,89,100],"MKL":[30],"subspaces":[31,65],"is":[32],"created":[33],"for":[34],"each":[35],"individual,":[36],"starting":[37],"from":[38,71],"feature":[40],"vectors":[41],"extracted":[42],"through":[43],"bank":[45],"Gabor":[47],"filters.":[48],"Then,":[49],"during":[50],"normal":[52],"system":[53],"operation,":[54],"an":[55],"incremental":[56],"updating":[57],"technique":[58],"can":[59],"applied":[61],"adjust":[63],"without":[66],"recalculating":[67],"models":[70],"scratch;":[72],"this":[73],"makes":[74],"method":[76,113],"able":[77],"cope":[79],"with":[80,104],"gradual":[81],"changes":[82],"occur":[84],"over":[85],"time.":[86],"The":[87],"results":[88],"experimentation":[91],"performed":[92],"on":[93],"three":[94],"databases":[96],"prove":[97],"advantages":[99],"proposed":[102],"respect":[105],"well-known":[108],"techniques;":[109],"in":[110],"particular,":[111],"our":[112],"achieves":[114],"better":[115],"accuracy":[116],"higher":[118],"robustness":[119],"against":[120],"variations.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}