{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1584829744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","title":"ComMode: an algorithm for video background modeling and object segmentation","display_name":"ComMode: an algorithm for video background modeling and object segmentation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1584829744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","mag":"1584829744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051739548","display_name":"Alan J. Lipton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109016","display_name":"ObjectVideo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcgws81","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109016"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.J. Lipton","raw_affiliation_strings":["ObjectVideo, Reston, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ObjectVideo, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040007322","display_name":"Niels Haering","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109016","display_name":"ObjectVideo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcgws81","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109016"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Haering","raw_affiliation_strings":["ObjectVideo, Reston, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ObjectVideo, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86374448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1603","last_page":"1608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.8110302686691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6953519582748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6896335482597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6670409440994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5968065857887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.5852493047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5536115765571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.524623692035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.512001097202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.489764928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.479484885931015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4714040756225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.46136561036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4371797442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4358530044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33017057180404663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.8110302686691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6953519582748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6896335482597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6670409440994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5968065857887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.5852493047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5536115765571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.524623692035675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.512001097202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.489764928817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.479484885931015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4714040756225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.46136561036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4371797442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4358530044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33017057180404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2002.1235014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58172775","https://openalex.org/W1814481047","https://openalex.org/W1938714998","https://openalex.org/W1950508155","https://openalex.org/W2002432356","https://openalex.org/W2102266717","https://openalex.org/W2125162832","https://openalex.org/W2143231439","https://openalex.org/W2147406358","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W3021282624","https://openalex.org/W6602319793","https://openalex.org/W6640879616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W1987287817","https://openalex.org/W2123129869","https://openalex.org/W3031536623","https://openalex.org/W3094443322","https://openalex.org/W2615278000","https://openalex.org/W2360075875","https://openalex.org/W2018476639","https://openalex.org/W2965594636","https://openalex.org/W2912550626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3],"algorithm":[4,57],"called":[5],"ComMode":[6],"(competitive":[7],"mode":[8,84,96],"estimation)":[9],"for":[10,114],"building":[11],"a":[12,17,35,46,69,88],"statistical":[13,117],"background":[14,83,95,116],"model":[15],"of":[16,24,37,53],"complete":[18],"video":[19,54],"shot":[20],"in":[21],"the":[22,38,40,61,80,110],"presence":[23],"independent":[25],"camera":[26],"motion,":[27],"and":[28,51,72],"independently":[29],"moving":[30],"foreground":[31,41],"objects.":[32,55],"Furthermore,":[33],"as":[34,45,68],"by-product":[36],"algorithm,":[39],"is":[42,85,102],"automatically":[43],"segmented":[44],"first":[47],"step":[48],"towards":[49],"detection":[50],"tracking":[52],"The":[56,100],"works":[58],"by":[59,87],"treating":[60],"intensity":[62],"value":[63],"at":[64],"each":[65,104],"pixel":[66,105],"location":[67,106],"time":[70],"series,":[71],"segmenting":[73],"it":[74],"into":[75],"statistically":[76],"coherent":[77],"modes.":[78],"Initially,":[79],"most":[81,111],"likely":[82,112],"selected":[86],"heuristic.":[89],"Then,":[90],"pixels":[91],"competitively":[92],"propagate":[93],"their":[94],"to":[97],"neighbouring":[98],"pixels.":[99],"result":[101],"that":[103],"ends":[107],"up":[108],"with":[109],"estimate":[113],"its":[115],"model.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
