{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060563854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","title":"Impulse radar — A new sensor for robots","display_name":"Impulse radar — A new sensor for robots","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060563854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","mag":"2060563854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024780011","display_name":"Ian Woodhead","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-9811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","display_name":"Lincoln University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ps1r162","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Woodhead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766046","display_name":"Adrian Eng-Choon Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-6457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","display_name":"Lincoln University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ps1r162","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534781","display_name":"Sean Richards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-1220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","display_name":"Lincoln University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ps1r162","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021316150","display_name":"Ian G. Platt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6893-2176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184746854","display_name":"Lincoln University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ps1r162","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114520","display_name":"Lincoln Agritech (New Zealand)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qb09m39","country_code":"NZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184746854","https://openalex.org/I4210114520"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Platt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd., Lincoln University Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114520","https://openalex.org/I184746854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05185538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"269","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7669457793235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.760858416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.6143015623092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5986524820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.5889579057693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.578877866268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.5777494311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.551308810710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5360453724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.5145101547241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.48924803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.44298380613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.4329372048377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.4166121482849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.4111630618572235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3853965699672699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3678872585296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31194695830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19355836510658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1351502537727356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7669457793235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.760858416557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.6143015623092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5986524820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.5889579057693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.578877866268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.5777494311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.551308810710907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5360453724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.5145101547241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.48924803733825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.44298380613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4329372048377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.4166121482849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.4111630618572235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3853965699672699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3678872585296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31194695830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19355836510658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1351502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2015.7081158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz:10182/11218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=elements_prod&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000381564700043&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400204","display_name":"Lincoln University Research Archive (Lincoln University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications","raw_type":"Conference Contribution - published"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265980654","https://openalex.org/W1488032857","https://openalex.org/W1647572132","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W1985556760","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2008045158","https://openalex.org/W2027960590","https://openalex.org/W2066881247","https://openalex.org/W2081500891","https://openalex.org/W2095644472","https://openalex.org/W2116724420","https://openalex.org/W6609887329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904631663","https://openalex.org/W2532810734","https://openalex.org/W4380451819","https://openalex.org/W2807545795","https://openalex.org/W4391129571","https://openalex.org/W4243380543","https://openalex.org/W1484329031","https://openalex.org/W1667672309","https://openalex.org/W2385598028","https://openalex.org/W597465370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground-based":[0],"robots":[1],"for":[2,27],"agricultural":[3],"applications":[4],"are":[5],"receiving":[6],"increased":[7],"attention":[8],"as":[9],"labour":[10],"availability":[11],"and":[12,16,71,85],"cost":[13],"drive":[14],"interest":[15],"uptake.":[17],"Here":[18],"we":[19],"describe":[20],"a":[21,32],"radar":[22,41,65,69,75,82,100],"method":[23],"that":[24,42,99],"is":[25,61,78],"suitable":[26],"soil":[28,46],"moisture":[29],"measurement":[30,44],"from":[31,39,80,113],"moving":[33],"vehicle.":[34],"We":[35,56],"have":[36],"employed":[37],"techniques":[38],"impulse":[40],"enable":[43],"of":[45],"reflection":[47],"at":[48,93,107],"resolutions":[49],"smaller":[50],"than":[51],"the":[52,59,64,81,114],"antenna":[53,67],"beam":[54],"width.":[55],"show":[57,98],"how":[58],"resolution":[60],"affected":[62],"by":[63,87],"pulse-width,":[66],"parameters,":[68],"location":[70],"sensing":[72],"angle.":[73],"The":[74],"backscatter":[76,101],"coefficient":[77],"calculated":[79],"signals":[83],"themselves,":[84],"demonstrated":[86],"measurements":[88],"taken":[89],"on":[90],"wet":[91],"pasture":[92],"different":[94],"elevation":[95],"angles.":[96],"Measurements":[97],"coefficients":[102],"can":[103],"be":[104],"reliably":[105],"measured":[106],"angles":[108],"up":[109],"to":[110],"60":[111],"degrees":[112],"nadir.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}