{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984067311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","title":"A closed-loop crash warning system based on heterogeneous cues","display_name":"A closed-loop crash warning system based on heterogeneous cues","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984067311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","mag":"1984067311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 5th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084121825","display_name":"Pujitha Gunaratne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pujitha Gunaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, USA","Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056937313","display_name":"Matteo Mannino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Mannino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, USA","Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Mobility Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55011074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.7892646193504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crash","display_name":"Crash","score":0.7593932151794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.727756679058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7046716213226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.5820565819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lane-departure-warning-system","display_name":"Lane departure warning system","score":0.5572540760040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4431276023387909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.4295097589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4007830321788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.392581969499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3481701612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34331443905830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.333733469247818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.7892646193504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.7593932151794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.727756679058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7046716213226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.5820565819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151043444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28253","display_name":"Lane departure warning system","level":2,"score":0.5572540760040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4431276023387909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.4295097589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4007830321788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.392581969499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3481701612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34331443905830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.333733469247818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icara.2011.6144857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 5th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27472852","https://openalex.org/W2030536784","https://openalex.org/W2073988075","https://openalex.org/W2106687443","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2121005842","https://openalex.org/W6601151086","https://openalex.org/W6676453642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901013762","https://openalex.org/W1579855068","https://openalex.org/W2183538373","https://openalex.org/W4249335891","https://openalex.org/W580929820","https://openalex.org/W4293765031","https://openalex.org/W3003346118","https://openalex.org/W617511802","https://openalex.org/W3202558484","https://openalex.org/W1963747729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,86],"area":[1],"of":[2,25,51],"human":[3],"machine":[4],"interaction":[5],"has":[6,16,34,61],"been":[7,36],"immersed":[8],"into":[9],"transportation":[10,20],"research":[11],"for":[12,22],"many":[13],"years":[14],"and":[15,49,56,77,94,118,125],"embraced":[17],"in":[18,30,46,100],"intelligent":[19],"systems":[21,29],"the":[23,39,105,133],"development":[24],"next-generation":[26],"active":[27],"safety":[28,82],"recent":[31],"years.":[32],"It":[33],"long":[35],"identified":[37],"that":[38],"driver":[40,75,89],"distraction":[41],"plays":[42],"a":[43,67,101],"major":[44],"role":[45],"traffic":[47],"accidents":[48],"application":[50],"imaging":[52],"technologies":[53],"to":[54,72,103,120,131],"detect":[55,73],"predict":[57],"such":[58],"critical":[59,74,83],"situations":[60,84],"become":[62],"attractive.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"presents":[66],"closed-loop":[68],"image":[69],"based":[70],"solution":[71],"behaviors":[76],"produce":[78],"warning":[79],"signals":[80],"when":[81],"arise.":[85],"system":[87],"tracks":[88],"upper":[90],"body,":[91],"eye":[92],"movements":[93],"external":[95],"objects":[96,122],"using":[97],"multiple":[98],"cameras":[99],"vehicle":[102],"determine":[104,132],"driving":[106,113],"risk.":[107],"Current":[108],"implementation":[109],"detects":[110],"three":[111],"risky":[112],"behaviors,":[114],"namely,":[115],"texting,":[116],"drinking":[117],"reach":[119],"grab":[121],"while":[123],"driving,":[124],"combines":[126],"them":[127],"with":[128],"gaze":[129],"movement":[130],"crash":[134],"severity.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}