{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205253262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477","title":"Beyond Visible Light: Usage of Long Wave Infrared for Object Detection in Maritime Environment","display_name":"Beyond Visible Light: Usage of Long Wave Infrared for Object Detection in Maritime Environment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205253262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608199","display_name":"2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000312741","display_name":"Shailesh Nirgudkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh Nirgudkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031412747","display_name":"Paul Robinette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-156X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Robinette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1544,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98277989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1093","last_page":"1100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.713498055934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5488172769546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48382654786109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4736327528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.47014501690864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45378372073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44000017642974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.36737245321273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3394545912742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16008874773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1114473044872284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.713498055934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5488172769546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48382654786109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4736327528953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.47014501690864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45378372073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44000017642974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.36737245321273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3394545912742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16008874773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1114473044872284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar53236.2021.9659477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608199","display_name":"2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583177287","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2044328399","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2476422535","https://openalex.org/W2511125977","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2760632211","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2910194729","https://openalex.org/W2911993024","https://openalex.org/W2966039073","https://openalex.org/W3003522438","https://openalex.org/W3090912915","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6635040323","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6754123467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W4320729701","https://openalex.org/W3034745255","https://openalex.org/W4254103348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"navigation":[1,140],"of":[2,67,81,146,172,177],"land":[3,57],"vehicles":[4],"has":[5],"come":[6],"a":[7,173],"long":[8],"way":[9],"owing":[10],"to":[11,35,73],"the":[12,79,126,138,144,163,181],"advances":[13],"in":[14,29,60,113,125,137,151],"scene":[15],"parsing":[16],"capabilities":[17],"enabled":[18],"by":[19,83],"deep":[20,89],"learning.":[21],"Maritime":[22],"environment":[23],"shows":[24],"an":[25],"equally":[26],"great":[27],"promise":[28],"such":[30,61,114],"autonomy":[31],"and":[32,44,51,94,97,117,120,134,149],"research":[33,156],"specific":[34],"this":[36],"domain":[37],"is":[38],"gaining":[39],"rapid":[40],"momentum.":[41],"Extreme":[42],"weather":[43,116],"light":[45,118],"conditions":[46,96,119],"are":[47],"typical":[48],"at":[49],"seas":[50],"optical":[52,104,112],"cameras":[53,72],"commonly":[54],"used":[55],"on":[56,159],"face":[58],"limitations":[59],"environment.":[62,128],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"usage":[66],"Long":[68],"Wave":[69],"Infrared":[70],"(LWIR)":[71],"overcome":[74],"these":[75],"challenges.":[76],"We":[77],"evaluate":[78],"effectiveness":[80],"LWIR":[82,110,130,178],"running":[84],"semantic":[85],"segmentation":[86],"against":[87,102],"two":[88],"learning":[90],"architectures":[91],"under":[92],"normal":[93],"challenging":[95],"then":[98],"comparing":[99],"their":[100,103],"performance":[101],"counterparts.":[105],"Experimental":[106],"results":[107],"show":[108],"that":[109],"outperforms":[111],"extreme":[115],"will":[121],"prove":[122],"very":[123],"effective":[124],"maritime":[127,175],"Integrating":[129],"with":[131],"optical,":[132],"radar":[133],"other":[135],"sensors":[136],"robotic":[139],"systems":[141],"can":[142,165],"improve":[143],"accuracy":[145],"object":[147],"detection":[148],"avoidance":[150],"autonomous":[152],"surface":[153],"vehicles.":[154],"The":[155],"also":[157],"focuses":[158],"key":[160],"areas":[161],"where":[162],"algorithm":[164],"be":[166],"enhanced":[167],"as":[168,170,180],"well":[169],"creation":[171],"public":[174],"dataset":[176],"images":[179],"next":[182],"steps.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}