{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095846565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","title":"A bio-inspired multi degree of freedom actuator based on a novel cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite material","display_name":"A bio-inspired multi degree of freedom actuator based on a novel cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite material","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095846565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","mag":"2095846565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 15th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102103459","display_name":"Seong J. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong J. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics Company Limited, South Korea","University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics Company Limited, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113622848","display_name":"David Pugal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pugal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050881458","display_name":"Johnson J. Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnson Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744346","display_name":"Kwang J. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang J. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089420470","display_name":"Woosoon Yim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woosoon Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94670006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"435","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8542972803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroactive-polymers","display_name":"Electroactive polymers","score":0.7815386056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7717537879943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.6716806888580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-bonding","display_name":"Ionic bonding","score":0.6043218374252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5726982951164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle","display_name":"Artificial muscle","score":0.5513119101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.537452757358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.5282601118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5073925852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.49691298604011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.49549615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.4705636501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4485020041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.4386886656284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.42665937542915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics","display_name":"Biomimetics","score":0.4236524701118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3233429789543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28447625041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion","display_name":"Ion","score":0.28394055366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.17843326926231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1406189501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13509994745254517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8542972803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167266352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543275","display_name":"Electroactive polymers","level":3,"score":0.7815386056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7717537879943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6716806888580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2182769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500","display_name":"Ionic bonding","level":3,"score":0.6043218374252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5726982951164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.5513119101524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.537452757358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.5282601118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5073925852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49691298604011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.49549615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4705636501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4485020041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4386886656284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.42665937542915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.4236524701118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3233429789543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28447625041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.28394055366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.17843326926231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1406189501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13509994745254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icar.2011.6088584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 15th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985952684","https://openalex.org/W2006793935","https://openalex.org/W2012940291","https://openalex.org/W2031470257","https://openalex.org/W2044989579","https://openalex.org/W2067796683","https://openalex.org/W2072959843","https://openalex.org/W2077811594","https://openalex.org/W2084778041","https://openalex.org/W2086450708","https://openalex.org/W2096298061","https://openalex.org/W2102268591","https://openalex.org/W2122214061","https://openalex.org/W2123526354","https://openalex.org/W2142560272","https://openalex.org/W2147170757","https://openalex.org/W2167797533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061848878","https://openalex.org/W2053077798","https://openalex.org/W3198055371","https://openalex.org/W2104362930","https://openalex.org/W2137750971","https://openalex.org/W1631138302","https://openalex.org/W3198778559","https://openalex.org/W1898391171","https://openalex.org/W1968309858","https://openalex.org/W3178844618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,97],"explore":[4],"a":[5,16,21,32,51,60,99,111,117],"promising":[6],"electroactive":[7],"polymer":[8],"(EAP),":[9],"called":[10],"ionic":[11],"polymer-metal":[12],"composite":[13],"(IPMC)":[14],"as":[15,20,59],"material":[17],"to":[18,63],"use":[19],"multi":[22],"degree":[23],"of":[24,28,68,89,107,113,129,153],"freedom":[25],"actuator.":[26],"Configuration":[27],"our":[29],"interest":[30],"is":[31,76,134,148],"cylindrical":[33,69,108,132],"IPMC":[34,109],"with":[35],"2-DOF":[36,127],"electromechanical":[37,103],"actuation":[38,151],"capability.":[39],"The":[40,73,105],"desired":[41,102],"functionality":[42],"was":[43,57],"achieved":[44],"by":[45],"fabricating":[46],"unique":[47],"inter-digitated":[48],"electrodes.":[49],"Firstly,":[50],"3D":[52],"finite":[53],"element":[54],"(FE)":[55],"model":[56,75],"introduced":[58],"design":[61],"tool":[62],"validate":[64],"if":[65],"the":[66,79,94,126,130,137,145,150],"concept":[67],"actuators":[70],"would":[71],"work.":[72],"FE":[74,95],"based":[77,92],"upon":[78,93],"physical":[80],"transport":[81],"processes":[82],"-":[83],"field":[84],"induced":[85],"migration":[86],"and":[87,116],"diffusion":[88],"ions.":[90],"Secondly,":[91],"modeling":[96],"fabricated":[98,131],"prototype":[100,106],"exhibiting":[101],"output.":[104],"has":[110],"diameter":[112],"1":[114],"mm":[115,119],"20":[118],"length.":[120],"We":[121],"have":[122,140],"successfully":[123],"demonstrated":[124],"that":[125,147],"bending":[128],"IPMCs":[133],"feasible.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"given":[141],"new":[142],"insight":[143],"into":[144],"physics":[146],"behind":[149],"phenomenon":[152],"IPMC.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
