{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009561496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","title":"Iris center localization using integral projection and gradients","display_name":"Iris center localization using integral projection and gradients","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009561496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","mag":"2009561496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718416","display_name":"Dongxiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-0419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109441694","display_name":"Fangqin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0327-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088784638","display_name":"Lianghao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianghao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107171927","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-0592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100718416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0965943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.7278383374214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7265288829803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6924846172332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6789623498916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.652266263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5821962356567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-projection","display_name":"Map projection","score":0.4977319538593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4965248703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.43371233344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.4231630563735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-imaging","display_name":"Integral imaging","score":0.41759198904037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38320326805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3330616056919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20874059200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.19165650010108948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.7278383374214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7265288829803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6924846172332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6789623498916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.652266263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5821962356567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176250725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186386","display_name":"Map projection","level":2,"score":0.4977319538593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4965248703956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.43371233344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.4231630563735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183708386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042701","display_name":"Integral imaging","level":3,"score":0.41759198904037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38320326805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3330616056919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20874059200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.19165650010108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icalip.2014.7009788","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138435572","https://openalex.org/W1503483822","https://openalex.org/W1538622809","https://openalex.org/W1578079846","https://openalex.org/W1963504747","https://openalex.org/W2018469219","https://openalex.org/W2040336280","https://openalex.org/W2043033468","https://openalex.org/W2044080651","https://openalex.org/W2046399019","https://openalex.org/W2096808372","https://openalex.org/W2101683585","https://openalex.org/W2114917627","https://openalex.org/W2126909398","https://openalex.org/W2132042711","https://openalex.org/W2141425118","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2169837008","https://openalex.org/W2268346118","https://openalex.org/W2397023066","https://openalex.org/W2617207308","https://openalex.org/W3097096317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W2952386695","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W3133795085","https://openalex.org/W3213945064","https://openalex.org/W2784078054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Iris":[0],"center":[1,47,94,131,134],"localization":[2],"becomes":[3],"more":[4,6],"and":[5,16,23,41,53,71,107,132,149],"popular":[7],"in":[8,30],"the":[9,57,69,87,99,104,108,111,124],"applications":[10],"of":[11,68,84,101,152],"face":[12],"alignment,":[13],"human-computer":[14],"interaction":[15],"gaze":[17],"estimation.":[18],"However,":[19],"techniques":[20],"for":[21,129],"low-resolution":[22],"low-contrast":[24],"eye":[25,130],"images":[26],"which":[27],"are":[28],"taken":[29],"uncontrolled":[31],"circumstance":[32],"still":[33],"need":[34],"improvement.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"presents":[38],"an":[39],"accurate":[40],"fast":[42],"algorithm":[43],"to":[44,64,72,119],"realize":[45],"iris":[46,93,133],"localization,":[48],"by":[49,97],"combining":[50,81],"integral":[51,59],"projection":[52,60],"image":[54],"gradients.":[55],"First,":[56],"vertical":[58],"function":[61],"is":[62,90,95,117],"adopted":[63],"get":[65],"precise":[66],"boundaries":[67],"eyes":[70],"generate":[73],"a":[74,78],"weight":[75,88,109],"map.":[76,112],"Second,":[77],"novel":[79],"method":[80,140],"dot":[82,105],"products":[83,106],"gradients":[85],"with":[86],"map":[89],"proposed.":[91],"The":[92],"detected":[96],"searching":[98],"maximum":[100],"multiplication":[102],"between":[103],"from":[110],"A":[113],"commonly":[114],"used":[115],"evaluation":[116],"applied":[118],"test":[120],"our":[121],"result":[122],"on":[123],"very":[125],"challenging":[126],"BioID":[127],"database":[128],"localization.":[135],"Experiments":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"this":[139],"can":[141],"accurately":[142],"locate":[143],"irises":[144],"under":[145],"natural":[146],"light":[147],"conditions":[148],"has":[150],"characteristic":[151],"low":[153],"computation":[154],"complexity.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}