{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408611121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861","title":"Transfer Learning Based Intrusion Detection System Using Gramian Angular Field for Connected Vehicles","display_name":"Transfer Learning Based Intrusion Detection System Using Gramian Angular Field for Connected Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408611121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086666604","display_name":"Muhammad Anwar Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Anwar Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055035963","display_name":"Arunita Jaekel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-9670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunita Jaekel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor,Windsor,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104633549","display_name":"Tim Allsopp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800934870","display_name":"Telus (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/040vbkv27","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Allsopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telus Communications Inc.,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telus Communications Inc.,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086666604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05487351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"0528","last_page":"0533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9527999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gramian-matrix","display_name":"Gramian matrix","score":0.7733919024467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6513650417327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6062039136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5169031620025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.4511529505252838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.42766210436820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.414380818605423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36153578758239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14606404304504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.107566237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09915277361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09172824025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.06121125817298889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77246614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1409400","display_name":"Gramian matrix","level":3,"score":0.7733919024467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6513650417327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6062039136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5169031620025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.4511529505252838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42766210436820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.414380818605423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36153578758239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14606404304504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.107566237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09915277361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09172824025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.06121125817298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic64266.2025.10920861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2960424705","https://openalex.org/W3011323222","https://openalex.org/W3035037193","https://openalex.org/W3045657906","https://openalex.org/W3196690723","https://openalex.org/W3216623900","https://openalex.org/W4205306613","https://openalex.org/W4285010868","https://openalex.org/W4285421073","https://openalex.org/W4288070309","https://openalex.org/W4288081073","https://openalex.org/W4309043412","https://openalex.org/W4315864429","https://openalex.org/W4322723374","https://openalex.org/W4381744978","https://openalex.org/W4383738214","https://openalex.org/W4385626718","https://openalex.org/W4387986975","https://openalex.org/W4388212685","https://openalex.org/W4389104940","https://openalex.org/W4389386934","https://openalex.org/W4400727819","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6675357634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390355884","https://openalex.org/W4302344890","https://openalex.org/W3102707439","https://openalex.org/W2464112360","https://openalex.org/W2436722607","https://openalex.org/W3211291180","https://openalex.org/W4309006749","https://openalex.org/W2498083155","https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"Transportation":[1],"System":[2,75],"(ITS)":[3],"uses":[4],"advanced":[5],"technologies":[6],"such":[7,48],"as":[8,49],"Vehicular":[9],"ad":[10],"hoc":[11],"Network":[12],"(VANET)":[13],"to":[14,42,82,109],"improve":[15,110],"the":[16,21,95,111,121,126],"safety":[17],"and":[18,35,46,60,79,85,101],"congestion":[19],"on":[20],"roads.":[22],"The":[23],"architecture":[24],"of":[25,53,97,103,113],"VANETs":[26,39],"is":[27],"inherently":[28],"decentralized,":[29],"characterized":[30],"by":[31],"direct":[32],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[33],"(V2V)":[34],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[36],"(V2I)":[37],"communications.":[38,117],"are":[40],"exposed":[41],"various":[43],"known":[44],"threats":[45],"attacks":[47,59,88],"bogus":[50],"information,":[51],"Denial":[52],"Service":[54],"(DoS),":[55],"Sybil,":[56],"Data":[57],"Replay":[58],"many":[61],"more.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"a":[68],"deep":[69,98],"transfer":[70,99],"learning":[71,100],"based":[72],"Intrusion":[73],"Detection":[74],"(IDS)":[76],"using":[77,120],"VGG16":[78],"GAF":[80],"algorithm":[81],"detect":[83],"position":[84],"speed":[86],"falsification":[87],"in":[89,106,115],"VANET.":[90],"This":[91],"innovative":[92],"approach":[93,128],"utilizes":[94],"power":[96],"visualization":[102],"temporal":[104],"sequences":[105],"BSM":[107],"data":[108],"efficiency":[112],"IDS":[114],"V2X":[116],"Preliminary":[118],"results,":[119],"VeReMiExt":[122],"dataset,":[123],"indicate":[124],"that":[125],"proposed":[127],"outperforms":[129],"existing":[130],"techniques":[131],"for":[132],"most":[133],"attack":[134],"types.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}